1,720,977 research outputs found
Encuentros cercanos: Historias de las relaciones de los moqoit con una poderosa del cielo
Get PDFEl presente trabajo aborda la historia de los vínculos de algunas comunidades aborígenes moqoit del Chaco argentino con una poderosa no-humana del cielo: La Virjolé. Mediante un análisis que se focaliza en dichas interacciones entendidas como encuentros co-presenciales, en el sentido definido por Goffman, se pretende comprender los modos específicos en que los moqoit construyen su experiencia y concepciones del cielo. Dada la concepción moqoit de un cosmos configurado por las relaciones de poder de las sociedades humanas y no-humanas que lo habitan, sus experiencias del cielo son ante todo experiencias de relaciones sociales. Se busca conectar dichas relaciones celestes con el conjunto de vínculos de los moqoit con humanos y no-humanos, en un contexto de profundas transformaciones ligadas a la expansión del estado Nación Argentino sobre su territorio.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
Astronomy in the Chaco Region, Argentina
No full textUsing the example of our own work about astronomies in the Argentinian Chaco, we show the fruitfulness of a regional approach to ethnoastronomical studies. Our interest is to highlight the relevance of thinking the astronomical systems from a dynamic and historical point of view. These systems of representations and practices about the sky are the result of complex inter-ethnic relations and not the production of isolated cultural groups. We seek to emphasize the special importance of studying aboriginal and creolle astronomies in a related way.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Cultural Interpretation of Ethnographic Evidence Relating to Astronomy
No full textIn this article, on the basis that ethnoastronomy deals with social facts, we discuss key concepts that should be problematized in ethnoastronomical studies. We deal with the de-naturalization of categories like ethnicity, identity, territory, culture, body, cosmovision and cosmology; using the contemporary production about these issues in the social sciences. Our aim is to show the relevance of this methodological reflection to the construction and interpretation of the ethnographic evidence related with astronomy.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Interactions Between “Indigenous” and “Colonial” Astronomies: Adaptation of Indigenous Astronomies in the Modern World
No full textIn this chapter, we discuss the methodological aspects of cultural astronomy in the context of the interactions between indigenous groups and colonial powers. We seek to show the importance of relationships and flows in order to understand the production of sky’s representations and practices in these contexts. Beyond this particular goal, our work aims to show that human groups generally do not work in isolation and that they are not static. That is why an approach with particular attention to the interchanges and the dynamics of interethnic contact is essential even for the study of the astronomy of groups that seem to be isolated.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; Argentin
“Milky Way Astronomies”: Proposing a Framework for Cultural Comparison
Get PDFThe Milky Way is a feature of the night sky that has had cosmological significance in many cultures around the world at different times. Many works, especially in South America and Australia, have drawn attention to the fact that in some cultures the bright band of our galaxy has a structural role; others have pointed out the importance of the “dark constellations” outlined against its bright background. Some researchers have revealed regional similarities in reference to this bright region, and others have analysed the world occurrence of these so-called “dark constellations”. In this contribution, based on the experience of all these previous works, I want to go one step further, proposing a general framework for a more fruitful comparison. I propose considering the broad spectrum of features related to this bright band and its dark spots in their relations and connections. Seen in this way it is possible to make a “middle-range” model, a polythetic class, that I propose to call “Milky Way astronomies”. This would characterise some astronomies in the world, in which an articulated set of features linked to our galaxy has a key role, and can serve as a heuristic tool that allows us to delve into the meaning of each of these systems and their logic, studying in a systematic way not only the similarities between them but also the differences.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin
Peoples knocking on heaven’s doors: Conflicts between international astronomical projects and local communities
Get PDFThe contemporary world is strongly shaped by the complex links between the local and the global in the present phase of capitalism. This scenario is essential for understanding cultural dynamics, including those that are of main interest for cultural astronomy. Nevertheless, the special epistemic status that is usually assigned to academic astronomy helps hide the power relations involved in public debates about the knowledge of the sky. In this context, the recurring conflicts between large international astronomical enterprises and local communities are special situations that bring these disguised aspects of astronomy to light. Therefore, our work draws on these clashes to discuss the tensions among different notions of celestial space, knowledge, territory, public interest, and identity, taking as a case study the rising controversy relating to the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawai‟i, within the context of the XXIX General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union. Also, we analyze the specific role of cultural astronomy in these types of conflicts, which once again demonstrates the political character of all knowledge.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; Argentin
Las Señas: una aproximación a las cosmo-políticas de los mocovíes del Chaco
No full textEl siguiente trabajo aborda, a partir de trabajo de campo etnográfico y sobre fuentes documentales, la forma en que el concepto de seña (netanec) es central para entender los modos en que los moqoit (mocovíes en castellano) del Chaco argentino practican una verdadera cosmo-política. Esta define su modo de habitar un mundo que a su entender está fundamentalmente estructurado por las relaciones de poder (quesaxanaxa) entre los diversos seres intencionales que lo habitan.Based on ethnographic fieldwork and secondary sources the paper discusses, the concept of seña (netanec) –sign or trace– as key to understanding the ways in which the Moqoit people (Mocovíes in Spanish) from the argentine Chaco practice a real cosmo-politics. This defines their way of inhabiting a world that in their understanding is fundamentally structured by power (quesaxanaxa) relations among the various intentional beings that inhabit it.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
“A nut too tough to crack”: Perceptions of catholicism among early mennonite missionaries to Argentina
No full textWhen Mennonite missionaries first arrived in Argentina in the early twentieth century the primary targets of their outreach were already Christian -that is, Catholics. Like most Protestant missionaries of the time, however, Mennonites regarded the religion they encountered as a "Catholic-pagan" syncretism, badly in need of the gospel. These prejudices were reinforced in the first half of the century as the Catholic Church in Argentina went through a process of institutional consolidation that aimed to strengthen its presence within the country. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Catholic Church centralized its church government, strengthened its political presence, and introduced new disciplines, rituals, and devotions that unified its identity at the local level. This essay traces the rhetoric that Mennonite missionaries employed in their depictions of the Catholic Church, which emerged as the primary opponent to their evangelical presence. These negative portrayals of Catholicism were part of Mennonites' own theological formation in the struggle for a distinctive identity within the evolving religious landscape.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Altman, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
Imágenes...¿sagradas?: Negociaciones en torno a lo numinoso en el Aikido del Gran Buenos Aires
Get PDFEl presente trabajo analiza las negociaciones que se dan en espacios de práctica de Aikido ubicados en el Gran Buenos Aires en torno al saludo a la foto de Ō-Sensei Morihei Ueshiba,fundador de este arte marcial japonés. Dado el carácter fuertemente no verbal de la práctica del Aikido nos enfocamos en la forma en que se construyen las experiencias y sentidos de este acto en el espacio de la práctica. Para ello ubicamos dichas prácticasen el contexto de losimaginarios socialesque las enmarcan. También discutimos las formas en que el Aikido se ha planteado los vínculos entre la práctica marcial y el mundo de las potencias no humanas en el contexto de su proceso de internacionalización.This paper analyzes the negotiations that take place in Aikido practice spaces located in Greater Buenos Aires around bowing beforethe photo of Ō-SenseiMorihei Ueshiba, founder of this Japanese martial art. Given the strongly non-verbal character of the practice of Aikido, we focus on the way in which the experiences and meanings of this act are constructed in the space of practice. For this we place these practices in the context of the social imaginaries that frame them. We also discuss the ways in which Aikido has considered the links between martial practice and the world of non-human powers in the context of its internationalization process.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; Argentin
Women’s Threat: Gender Roles among Mennonite Workers in Argentina
No full textThe aim of this paper is to explore the role of Mennonite missionary women in Argentina since their arrival in the country in 1917 until the 1960s. Mennonites are part of the Anabaptist Christians emerged in the 16th century under the radical reform movements. Due to persecution, they migrated to Eastern Europe and the United States. From the latter country and within the context of a renewal process of the Mennonite Church (MC), the Argentine mission was set up. Using different archival sources –personal diaries, letters, publications, administrative reports- we seek to reconstruct the role, often made invisible, of women in the missionary enterprise. In this way, we attempt to contribute not only to a better understanding of the missionization efforts but also to the debate about gender notions and practices in the context of Christianity during the first half of the 20th century.Fil: Altman, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de América Latina. - Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de América Latina; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
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