1,721,250 research outputs found
Encuentros cercanos: Historias de las relaciones de los moqoit con una poderosa del cielo
Full text linkEl presente trabajo aborda la historia de los vínculos de algunas comunidades aborígenes moqoit del Chaco argentino con una poderosa no-humana del cielo: La Virjolé. Mediante un análisis que se focaliza en dichas interacciones entendidas como encuentros co-presenciales, en el sentido definido por Goffman, se pretende comprender los modos específicos en que los moqoit construyen su experiencia y concepciones del cielo. Dada la concepción moqoit de un cosmos configurado por las relaciones de poder de las sociedades humanas y no-humanas que lo habitan, sus experiencias del cielo son ante todo experiencias de relaciones sociales. Se busca conectar dichas relaciones celestes con el conjunto de vínculos de los moqoit con humanos y no-humanos, en un contexto de profundas transformaciones ligadas a la expansión del estado Nación Argentino sobre su territorio.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
Astronomy in the Chaco Region, Argentina
No full textUsing the example of our own work about astronomies in the Argentinian Chaco, we show the fruitfulness of a regional approach to ethnoastronomical studies. Our interest is to highlight the relevance of thinking the astronomical systems from a dynamic and historical point of view. These systems of representations and practices about the sky are the result of complex inter-ethnic relations and not the production of isolated cultural groups. We seek to emphasize the special importance of studying aboriginal and creolle astronomies in a related way.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Cultural Interpretation of Ethnographic Evidence Relating to Astronomy
No full textIn this article, on the basis that ethnoastronomy deals with social facts, we discuss key concepts that should be problematized in ethnoastronomical studies. We deal with the de-naturalization of categories like ethnicity, identity, territory, culture, body, cosmovision and cosmology; using the contemporary production about these issues in the social sciences. Our aim is to show the relevance of this methodological reflection to the construction and interpretation of the ethnographic evidence related with astronomy.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interactions Between “Indigenous” and “Colonial” Astronomies: Adaptation of Indigenous Astronomies in the Modern World
No full textIn this chapter, we discuss the methodological aspects of cultural astronomy in the context of the interactions between indigenous groups and colonial powers. We seek to show the importance of relationships and flows in order to understand the production of sky’s representations and practices in these contexts. Beyond this particular goal, our work aims to show that human groups generally do not work in isolation and that they are not static. That is why an approach with particular attention to the interchanges and the dynamics of interethnic contact is essential even for the study of the astronomy of groups that seem to be isolated.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; Argentin
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
“Milky Way Astronomies”: Proposing a Framework for Cultural Comparison
Full text linkThe Milky Way is a feature of the night sky that has had cosmological significance in many cultures around the world at different times. Many works, especially in South America and Australia, have drawn attention to the fact that in some cultures the bright band of our galaxy has a structural role; others have pointed out the importance of the “dark constellations” outlined against its bright background. Some researchers have revealed regional similarities in reference to this bright region, and others have analysed the world occurrence of these so-called “dark constellations”. In this contribution, based on the experience of all these previous works, I want to go one step further, proposing a general framework for a more fruitful comparison. I propose considering the broad spectrum of features related to this bright band and its dark spots in their relations and connections. Seen in this way it is possible to make a “middle-range” model, a polythetic class, that I propose to call “Milky Way astronomies”. This would characterise some astronomies in the world, in which an articulated set of features linked to our galaxy has a key role, and can serve as a heuristic tool that allows us to delve into the meaning of each of these systems and their logic, studying in a systematic way not only the similarities between them but also the differences.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin
Peoples knocking on heaven’s doors: Conflicts between international astronomical projects and local communities
Full text linkThe contemporary world is strongly shaped by the complex links between the local and the global in the present phase of capitalism. This scenario is essential for understanding cultural dynamics, including those that are of main interest for cultural astronomy. Nevertheless, the special epistemic status that is usually assigned to academic astronomy helps hide the power relations involved in public debates about the knowledge of the sky. In this context, the recurring conflicts between large international astronomical enterprises and local communities are special situations that bring these disguised aspects of astronomy to light. Therefore, our work draws on these clashes to discuss the tensions among different notions of celestial space, knowledge, territory, public interest, and identity, taking as a case study the rising controversy relating to the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) in Hawai‟i, within the context of the XXIX General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union. Also, we analyze the specific role of cultural astronomy in these types of conflicts, which once again demonstrates the political character of all knowledge.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección de Etnología y Etnografía; Argentin
Las Señas: una aproximación a las cosmo-políticas de los mocovíes del Chaco
No full textEl siguiente trabajo aborda, a partir de trabajo de campo etnográfico y sobre fuentes documentales, la forma en que el concepto de seña (netanec) es central para entender los modos en que los moqoit (mocovíes en castellano) del Chaco argentino practican una verdadera cosmo-política. Esta define su modo de habitar un mundo que a su entender está fundamentalmente estructurado por las relaciones de poder (quesaxanaxa) entre los diversos seres intencionales que lo habitan.Based on ethnographic fieldwork and secondary sources the paper discusses, the concept of seña (netanec) –sign or trace– as key to understanding the ways in which the Moqoit people (Mocovíes in Spanish) from the argentine Chaco practice a real cosmo-politics. This defines their way of inhabiting a world that in their understanding is fundamentally structured by power (quesaxanaxa) relations among the various intentional beings that inhabit it.Fil: Lopez, Alejandro Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas; Argentin
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