1,720,993 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Essays on the effect of R&D collaboration and R&D subsidies on technological change.
No full textResearch and Development and innovation are important determinants for technological change, essential to ensure competitiveness at the macro as well as at the microlevel. Nonetheless, investment in R and D and innovation suffers from marketfailures, such that the socially optimal investment level is larger thanthe level of private investment. Well aware of this fact, the European Commission as well as the national governments in most industrialized countries apply various policy measures in order to close, or at least narrow, the gap between private and social optimum.In order to achieve this goal, public entities employ a whole array of policy measures, ranging from very direct to more indirect policy measures. Direct policy measures relate to policies that may directly influence a firm's decision to engage into R and D activities and comprise policies like for instance patent laws, tax credits, low interest rates or subsidy programs. Indirect policies relate to policies that may affect R and D, but do not target it explicitly. Competition or regulation policies would for instance qualify as indirect policy measure, such as for instance exempting R and D collaboration from anti-trust legislation, likely to encourage firms to embark in the latter and as a consequence invest more in R and D, without however directly targeting investment in R and D.The present dissertation is concerned with one direct as well as with one indirect policy measure. In a first step, the policy under scrutiny concerns direct public funding schemes in Germany and Flanders. Coveringparts of the costs of R and D projects, this policy measure aims at incentivizing firms to invest in R and D projects that would not take place without public support. Using non-parametric matching methods as well asinstrumental variable estimations, we find that for both countries underreview, the policy has a significant and positive effect on input as well as on output measures.In a second step, this dissertation is interested in the effect of R and D collaboration on innovation performance. Firstly, the effect of collaboration is evaluated in light of subsidized collaboration activities. Differentiating between the effect of publicly-induced and privately financed R and D investment and estimating a series of heteroscedasticty-robust tobit models on radical product innovations, the results point out that both purely privately financed R and D as well as publicly induced R and D show a positive impact on innovation outcome. Furthermore, the findings show that having international collaboration partners has a positive impact on radical innovations, especially if the latter are positioned within the EU. Secondly, we are interested in the impact of the type of knowledge exchange within an R and D partnership on innovation performance, as measured by patent quantity as well as patent quality. Estimating count data models controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, we find for a large sample of R and D-active manufacturing firms in Flanders that collaborativeR and D has a positive effect on firms' patenting in terms of both quantity and quality. However, when distinguishing between the type of knowledge alliance, the results suggest that the positive effect on patent quantity is to a large extent driven by knowledge exchange alliances, while knowledge creation alliances have a significant impact on patent quality. While these findings are in line with policy expectations in terms of the effect of collaborative activities for R and D undertakings, they raise interesting questions in light recent literature on strategic patenting. Indeed, those findings suggest that if firms patent for strategic reasons, then this might result in more, yet less valuable patents. Likewise, these findings raise interesting questions in light of role of tacit and explicit knowledge involved in R and D alliances, and how the need for legal protection might differ depending on what type of knowledge is involved in a partnership.status: Publishe
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
MSI Working paper MSI_1210
No full textUsing count data models controlling for unobserved heterogeneity, this study shows for a large sample of R&D-active manufacturing firms in Flanders that collaborative
R&D has a positive effect on firms’ patenting in terms of both quantity and quality. However, when distinguishing between alliances that aim at joint creation of new knowledge and alliances that aim at the exchange of existing knowledge, the results suggest that the positive effect on patenting quantity is to a large extent driven by
knowledge exchange alliances rather than joint R&D. Firms engaged in creation alliances, on the other hand, receive more forward citations per patent which indicates that joint R&D enhances patent quality. In the light of the literature on strategic patenting, our results may further suggest that creation alliances lead to patents that are filed to protect valuable intellectual property, while exchange alliances drive “portfolio patenting” which has been shown to result in fewer citations for the individual patent.status: Publishe
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