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Dos visiones de la crisis política del mundo moderno: la Escuela de Frankfurt y el escritor costarricense Vicente Sáenz
Get PDFEste trabajo aborda lo que he llamado “la crisis política del mundo moderno”. Lo hace a partir de dos visiones: la de la Escuela de Frankfurt y la del escritor costarricense Vicente Sáenz. Tres autores contemporáneos que observaban, desde diferentes puntos de vista, la crisis del mundo en los años 30, 40 y 50 del siglo pasado
Debo reconocer que se usa en el título, de forma algo abusiva, el nombre de la Escuela de Frankfurt, porque el texto que nos sirve de punto de partida y de hoja de ruta es La dialéctica de la Ilustración, de Max Horkheimer y Thedor Adorno. Aunque se haga incursiones en la obra de otros autores, más o menos cercanos a la Escuela, como Friedrich Pollock, Franz Neumann, Walter Benajmin o Hannah Arendt, es el texto de Horkheimer y Adorno y su visión de la crisis de la Ilustración la que nos sirve de guía en todo el texto.
Desde otro punto de vista, hurgamos en la propuesta de Vicente Sáenz, para quien la crisis política del mundo moderno era la crisis del capitalismo, de un régimen que, desde su punto de vista, había cumplido su ciclo histórico.
El recorrido nos llevó a la discusión del fracaso de la Ilustración que Horkheimer y Adorno constatan al afirmar que la humanidad, lejos de entrar en un estado “verdaderamente humano”, se hundía en un nuevo género de barbarie.
Se nos plantea ya aquí un primer desafío. Se trata de la idea de un estado verdaderamente humano, que nunca definen con precisión, pero que se perfila al contrastarse con la barbarie nazi que estaba en el origen de la reflexión de ambos filósofos judíos alemanes.
Sáenz nos propone el dilema de otra manera, que no me resulta contradictoria, sino enriquecedora, de cara a la de Horkheimer y Adorno. Se trata de un mundo donde asistimos al conflicto entre un régimen –el capitalismo– agotado por sus contradicciones, en un escenario donde trata de abrirse paso otro, cuyas características tampoco se perfilan con total claridad.
Para Sáenz se trataba de la contradicción entre un régimen cuya forma social de producción entraba en conflicto con una forma privada de apropiación de la riqueza, que había llevado el mundo a una extrema polarización social. ¡Estaba hablando de los años 30! Se trata, naturalmente, de un fenómeno que solo se ha acentuado desde entonces.
El texto plantea que este conflicto entre un régimen agotado y otro que busca su camino para reemplazarlo es lo que caracteriza la crisis política del mundo moderno. Conflicto que transitó todo el siglo pasado en medio de tres guerras: La I y la II Guerras Mundiales y la Guerra Fría.
Este punto de vista nos lleva a criticar la propuesta de que el desafío que enfrentaba el mundo político moderno era el “totalitarismo”, para lo cual hacemos una revisión detallada de la propuesta de Hannah Arendt sobre este tema.
Resumiendo: nuestra tesis es, finalmente, que la crisis política del mundo moderno, conflicto que implica el fin de un régimen y el nacimiento de otro, es un fenómeno que se desarrolla delante de nuestros ojos y que caracteriza la época política actual.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Interdisciplinarias::Doctorado en Estudios de la Sociedad y la Cultur
La VI conferencia de los países no alineados
No full textEste documento es un artículo escrito por Gilberto Lopez de Castro sobre "La VI conferencia de los países no alineados
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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