1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
O impacto da meritocracia nas decisões socialmente críticas
No full textTese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016Todos os dias tomamos decisões. Mais raramente, no entanto, as pessoas vêem-se numa posição em que são obrigadas a tomar decisões socialmente críticas. Decisões socialmente críticas são decisões relativamente a outros que acarretam consequências sérias (e.g. distribuição desigual de recursos materiais ou simbólicos, sofrimento e/ou morte de outras pessoas). Usando dilemas morais como exemplo deste tipo de decisões, esta dissertação analisa o impacto da saliência da norma da meritocracia em decisões socialmente críticas face a membros de grupos de baixo estatuto. Especificamente, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos experimentais em que se manipulou a saliência da norma da meritocracia descritiva e o estatuto da vítima num dilema do trolley. No primeiro estudo, considerou-se os sem-abrigo como grupo de baixo estatuto e os resultados mostraram que, ao contrário do hipotetizado, a meritocracia não levou a decisões mais desfavoráveis face a membros deste grupo. Num segundo estudo, utilizando os toxicodependentes como grupo devidamente pré-testado como grupo de baixo estatuto, os resultados revelam que, efetivamente, a saliência da meritocracia descritiva leva a uma maior aceitabilidade do sacrifício de vitimas de baixo estatuto. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das dinâmicas normativas nas atitudes intergrupais e a sua articulação com as reações emocionais provocadas por diferentes vitimas de diferentes grupos numa situação de dilema moral em que se reflete sobre o valor da vida de cada pessoa.We make decisions every day. However, less often, people see themselves in a position where they are forced to make socially critical decisions. Socially critical decisions are decisions, regarding others, that involve serious consequences (e.g. unequal distribution of material or symbolic resources, suffering and/or the death of other people). Using moral dilemmas as an example of this type of decisions, this dissertation analyses the impact of the salience of the meritocratic norm on socially critical decisions regarding members of low status groups. Specifically, we conducted two experimental studies in which the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm was manipulated along with the status of the victim in a trolley dilemma. In the first study, we considered the homeless as a low status group and, contrary to our hypothesis, the results indicated that the salience of the meritocratic norm did not lead to more unfavourable decisions towards members of the low status group. In a second study, using drug addicts as a duly pretested low status group, the results showed that the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm does lead to a higher acceptability of the sacrifice of victims of low status. The results are discussed in light of the normative dynamics in intergroup attitudes and articulated with the emotional reactions evoked by different victims from different groups in a moral trade-off situation that reflects on the value of each person’s life
O impacto da meritocracia nas decisões socialmente críticas
No full textTese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016Todos os dias tomamos decisões. Mais raramente, no entanto, as pessoas vêem-se numa posição em que são obrigadas a tomar decisões socialmente críticas. Decisões socialmente críticas são decisões relativamente a outros que acarretam consequências sérias (e.g. distribuição desigual de recursos materiais ou simbólicos, sofrimento e/ou morte de outras pessoas). Usando dilemas morais como exemplo deste tipo de decisões, esta dissertação analisa o impacto da saliência da norma da meritocracia em decisões socialmente críticas face a membros de grupos de baixo estatuto. Especificamente, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos experimentais em que se manipulou a saliência da norma da meritocracia descritiva e o estatuto da vítima num dilema do trolley. No primeiro estudo, considerou-se os sem-abrigo como grupo de baixo estatuto e os resultados mostraram que, ao contrário do hipotetizado, a meritocracia não levou a decisões mais desfavoráveis face a membros deste grupo. Num segundo estudo, utilizando os toxicodependentes como grupo devidamente pré-testado como grupo de baixo estatuto, os resultados revelam que, efetivamente, a saliência da meritocracia descritiva leva a uma maior aceitabilidade do sacrifício de vitimas de baixo estatuto. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das dinâmicas normativas nas atitudes intergrupais e a sua articulação com as reações emocionais provocadas por diferentes vitimas de diferentes grupos numa situação de dilema moral em que se reflete sobre o valor da vida de cada pessoa.We make decisions every day. However, less often, people see themselves in a position where they are forced to make socially critical decisions. Socially critical decisions are decisions, regarding others, that involve serious consequences (e.g. unequal distribution of material or symbolic resources, suffering and/or the death of other people). Using moral dilemmas as an example of this type of decisions, this dissertation analyses the impact of the salience of the meritocratic norm on socially critical decisions regarding members of low status groups. Specifically, we conducted two experimental studies in which the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm was manipulated along with the status of the victim in a trolley dilemma. In the first study, we considered the homeless as a low status group and, contrary to our hypothesis, the results indicated that the salience of the meritocratic norm did not lead to more unfavourable decisions towards members of the low status group. In a second study, using drug addicts as a duly pretested low status group, the results showed that the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm does lead to a higher acceptability of the sacrifice of victims of low status. The results are discussed in light of the normative dynamics in intergroup attitudes and articulated with the emotional reactions evoked by different victims from different groups in a moral trade-off situation that reflects on the value of each person’s life
O impacto da meritocracia nas decisões socialmente críticas
No full textTese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Cognição Social Aplicada), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016Todos os dias tomamos decisões. Mais raramente, no entanto, as pessoas vêem-se numa posição em que são obrigadas a tomar decisões socialmente críticas. Decisões socialmente críticas são decisões relativamente a outros que acarretam consequências sérias (e.g. distribuição desigual de recursos materiais ou simbólicos, sofrimento e/ou morte de outras pessoas). Usando dilemas morais como exemplo deste tipo de decisões, esta dissertação analisa o impacto da saliência da norma da meritocracia em decisões socialmente críticas face a membros de grupos de baixo estatuto. Especificamente, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos experimentais em que se manipulou a saliência da norma da meritocracia descritiva e o estatuto da vítima num dilema do trolley. No primeiro estudo, considerou-se os sem-abrigo como grupo de baixo estatuto e os resultados mostraram que, ao contrário do hipotetizado, a meritocracia não levou a decisões mais desfavoráveis face a membros deste grupo. Num segundo estudo, utilizando os toxicodependentes como grupo devidamente pré-testado como grupo de baixo estatuto, os resultados revelam que, efetivamente, a saliência da meritocracia descritiva leva a uma maior aceitabilidade do sacrifício de vitimas de baixo estatuto. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das dinâmicas normativas nas atitudes intergrupais e a sua articulação com as reações emocionais provocadas por diferentes vitimas de diferentes grupos numa situação de dilema moral em que se reflete sobre o valor da vida de cada pessoa.We make decisions every day. However, less often, people see themselves in a position where they are forced to make socially critical decisions. Socially critical decisions are decisions, regarding others, that involve serious consequences (e.g. unequal distribution of material or symbolic resources, suffering and/or the death of other people). Using moral dilemmas as an example of this type of decisions, this dissertation analyses the impact of the salience of the meritocratic norm on socially critical decisions regarding members of low status groups. Specifically, we conducted two experimental studies in which the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm was manipulated along with the status of the victim in a trolley dilemma. In the first study, we considered the homeless as a low status group and, contrary to our hypothesis, the results indicated that the salience of the meritocratic norm did not lead to more unfavourable decisions towards members of the low status group. In a second study, using drug addicts as a duly pretested low status group, the results showed that the salience of the meritocratic descriptive norm does lead to a higher acceptability of the sacrifice of victims of low status. The results are discussed in light of the normative dynamics in intergroup attitudes and articulated with the emotional reactions evoked by different victims from different groups in a moral trade-off situation that reflects on the value of each person’s life
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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