1,721,174 research outputs found
Genetic causes of obesity:mapping a path forward
No full textOver the past 30 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic causes of obesity. In the coming years, catalogs that map each genetic variant to its genomic function are expected to accelerate variant-to-function (V2F) translation. Given that obesity is a heterogeneous disease, research will have to move beyond body mass index (BMI). Gene discovery efforts for more refined adiposity traits are poised to reveal additional genetic loci, pointing to new biological mechanisms. Obesity genetics research is reaching unprecedented heights and, along with a renewed interest in the development of weight-loss medication, it holds the potential to identify new drug targets. Polygenic scores (PGSs) that predict obesity risk are expected to further improve and will be particularly valuable early in life for timely prevention.</p
Genetic Variation and Obesity
No full textOver the past 15 years, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 2,900 genetic loci associated with adiposity traits. The majority of these loci were discovered through large-scale GWAS meta-analyses for body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), mostly in adults and in European ancestry populations. However, some gene discovery efforts have focused on non-European ancestry populations, more refined adiposity traits, childhood and adolescent populations, and rare coding variants. Loci associated with overall obesity implicate pathways that act in the brain, whereas loci associated with body fat distribution point to pathways involved in adipocyte biology, lipolysis, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance. In-depth functional follow-up analyses have been performed for a fraction of GWAS loci, and we are slowly expanding our understanding of the biology that underlies obesity and fat distribution. However, many more obesity-associated loci are waiting to be translated. With the increasing number of discoveries, there is a growing interest in using genetic information to predict who is at risk for developing obesity. However, prediction models that are solely based on genetic information show poor predictive accuracy. Given that both genetic and nongenetic factors contribute to body weight, effective models to predict obesity will have to include genetic and nongenetic factors.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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