3,988 research outputs found
Concrete Crack images for segmentation
No full textThis is a concrete crack dataset for segmentation. It is partially from Ozgenel FÇ. Concrete crack segmentation dataset. Mendeley Data 2019; 1: DOI: 10.17632/jwsn7tfbrp.1. and @article{liu2019deepcrack, title={DeepCrack: A Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning Architecture for Crack Segmentation}, author={Liu, Yahui and Yao, Jian and Lu, Xiaohu and Xie, Renping and Li, Li}, journal={Neurocomputing}, volume={338}, pages={139--153}, year={2019}, doi={10.1016/j.neucom.2019.01.036}}If the dataset helps your research, please cite our paper:@article{xie2022sparse, title={Sparse-sensing and superpixel-based segmentation model for concrete cracks}, author={Xie, Xiongyao and Cai, Jielong and Wang, Haozheng and Wang, Qiang and Xu, Jieying and Zhou, Yingxin and Zhou, Biao}, journal={Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering}, year={2022}, publisher={Wiley Online Library}
Towards a True Author Entry System for CAI
No full textCAI course authors have been faced with the disc tint problem of having to learn an instructional coding language before they can get their courses into the computer. A system has been devised so that an author may easily write his course in English on course planning forms and then a pre-processor will generate the coding which will be input for the machine assembler
Spectral Monte Carlo Simulation of Collimated Solar Irradiation Transfer in A Water-Filled Prismatic Louver
No full textA Monte Carlo model was developed to simulate collimated solar irradiation transfer and energy harvest in a hollow louver made of silica glass and filled with water. The full solar spectrum of air mass 1.5 database was adopted and divided into various discrete bands for spectral calculations. The band-averaged spectral properties for the silica glass and water were obtained. Ray tracing was employed to find the solar energy harvested by the louver. Computational efficiency and accuracy were examined through intensive comparisons of different band partition approaches, various photon numbers and element divisions. The influence of irradiation direction on solar energy harvest efficiency was scrutinized. It was found that within 15°polar angle of incidence the harvested solar energy in the louver was high, and the total absorption efficiency reached to 61.2% under normal incidence for the current louver geometry.Peer reviewe
結構化設計在CAI 教材編製理論上應用之探討
No full text[[abstract]]本研究分別探討CAI 教材編製的發展趨勢，CAI 教材編製的系統途徑，與結構化設計
的源起、革新及運用模式。研究結構化設計在CAI 教材編製上的應用途徑，並選擇「
二進位計數器」教學單元，實際編製CAI 教材，確立CAI 教材編製模式。研究獲得的
結論與建議如下：
ぇ本研究所得的CAI 教材編製模式，運用結構化設計整體建構的發展概念與文件敘寫
技巧，克服CAI 教材編製的高複雜度，並提供編裝人員予較易理解、較易建構的CAI
教材編製系統。
え為配合未來發展整體化理想CAI 教材的需要，須成立CAI 教材發展中心，結合各CA
I 相關領域的專家，依循結構化的CAI 教材編製模式，團隊地開發大型的理想CAI 教
材。
ぉ有關學術機構宜依循結構化的CAI 教材編製系統，進一步吸收人工智慧理論與技術
，開發更富彈性，能追蹤，掌握學生學習進行的理想CAI 教材。
Macrobrachium spelaeus Cai & Vidthayanon 2016, new species
No full textMacrobrachium spelaeus, new species (Figs. 1–3) Material examined. Holotype: male, cl 13.7 mm, (NIFI SH 00176), Tham Phra Wangdaeng, Baan Chompu southwest of Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Pitsanulok Province, lower north Thailand, 100 m. from the cave entrance: 16.8379°N 100.877°E, 28 August 2002, coll. C. Vidthayanon. Paratypes: 1 male, cl 11.7mm (OUMNH. ZC.2016-01-022), 1 female, cl 11.9mm (ZRC 2016.0049), same locality as holotype. 1 National Biodiversity Centre, National Parks Board, Singapore, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore; Email: [email protected] (*corresponding author) Description. Rostrum (Fig. 1A, B) straight, reaching distal end of scaphocerite, rostral formula: 4-5+6-7/2-3. Teeth more widely spaced on anterior than postorbital region. Antennular peduncle about 0.4 times as long as carapace. Carapace smooth, inferior orbital margin moderately produced. Antennal spine sharp (Fig. 1D), situated slightly lower than inferior orbital angle, reaching slightly beyond carapace margin. Hepatic spine smaller, situated behind and substantially below antennal spine. Branchiostegal suture running from base of hepatic spine to carapace margin. 2 Environment Division, Mekong River Commission Secretariat, Fa Ngum Road, Ban Sithan Noua, Vientiane 01000, Lao People Democratic Republic; Email: chavalit@ mrcmekong.org © National University of Singapore ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print) Fourth thoracic sternite (Fig. 1F) without median process. Eighth thoracic sternum (Fig.1G) with narrowly separated anterolateral lobes, without median process. Abdomen smooth (Fig. 3), glabrous, first to third pleurites broadly rounded, fourth and fifth pleurites feebly produced posteriorly, fourth pleurite sub-triangular, fifth pleurite sub-rectangular, sixth abdominal somite 1.5 times as long as fifth, with posteroventral angle feebly produced, subacute. Telson (Fig. 1J) moderate, stout, 3.0 times as long as wide, 1.6 times as long as sixth abdominal segment, with 2 pairs of dorsal spines, ending in a median projection, lateral spines of distal margin slightly larger than dorsal spines, intermediate spines well developed, with long plumose setae. First 3 abdominal sternites (Fig. 1H) with transverse ridge and a median tooth each, with first one very prominent, much more developed than the other two. Second one triangular in form. Third one much smaller, pointed. Inter-uropodal sclerite armed with well-developed preanal carina (Fig. 1I).Ocular stalk and cone reduced, 0.12 times of carapace length, facets present, pigment visible, anterior end only reaching middle of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Stylocerite pointed, reaching 0.8 times of second segment. Antenna with stout basicerite and prominent distoventral tooth. Carpocerite reaching to about 0.35 times of scaphocerite length. Scaphocerite (Fig. 1C) slender, 0.6 times as long as carapace, about 3.0 times as long as wide, with straight outer margin. Epistome (Fig. 1E) bilobed by a shallow triangular depression. Mouth parts typical of the genus. Third maxilliped with robust endopod, ultimate segment reaching to anterior end of antennal peduncle; ultimate segment slightly shorter than penultimate segment; exopod short, with numerous plumose setae distally. First pereiopods (Fig. 2A) very slender, reaching beyond scaphocerite by entire chela and 0.2 carpus length, equal in length, similar in form, carpus 1.8 times as long as chela, chela with fingers slightly shorter than palm. Second pereiopods (Fig. 2B, C) not sexually dimorphic; both cylindrical, similar in form, unequal in length. Both covered with tufts of velvety setae on fingers and distal half of palms. Major one with smooth or with indistinct spinules, subequal to body length, reaching beyond distal end of scaphocerite by both entire carpus and chela; merus as long as palm, both segments distinctly longer than palm but shorter than fingers; capus 0.65 times as long as palm; palm slightly inflated, fingers with no gap when closed, with a row of about 15 small teeth on each side of cutting edge. Third pereiopods (Fig. 1D, E) slender, reaching beyond scaphocerite by entire dactylus, propodus 10 times as long as broad, 3.4 times as long as dactylus; dactylus 4.5 times as long as wide, terminating in an unguis. Fourth pereiopods slender, slightly longer than third pereiopods, similar in form. Fifth pereiopods most slender, longest, reaching beyond scaphocerite by entire dactylus. Endopod of male first pleopod about 0.45 times as long as exopod, weakly broadened distally, slightly curved mesially. Appendix masculina of male second pleopod longer than appendix interna, with spiniform setae on dorsal surface. Appendix interna of male second pleopod slender, reaching to 0.6 length of appendix masculina. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 1K) with a movable spine, distinctly shorter than outer angle. Colouration (live). Yellowish pale cephalothorax with pale yellow and brown visceral mass, rostrum translucent, eyes black, abdomen opaque with brownish hue dorsally. Hairs on chelae pale brown, antennas and appendages opaque. Habitat. Macrobrachium spelaeus is known only from shallow (0.3–1 m depth) subterranean streams in the type locality, over 100 m from the cave entrance, at Tham Phra Wang Daeng of the Tham Phra Karst in Klong Chompu area of Thung Salaeng Luang National Park. Etymology. The new species is named spelaeus (L., cavedwelling), after its stygobitic habit. Remarks. Mcrobrachium spelaeus, new species, represents the first stygobitic Macrobrachium species found in Thailand. With the existence of the tufts of velvety setae on the dactylus of second pereiopods, short carpus in second pereiopods, relatively short rostrum which does not exceed the end of the scaphocerite, Macrobrachium spelaeus, new species, should be referred to the Macrobrachium pilimanus species group (cf. Cai et al., 2004). To date, there are 15 species recognised in the Macrobrachium pilimanus group, namely M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879), M. leptodactylus (De Man, 1892), M. hirsutimanus (Tiwari, 1952), M. dienbienphuense Dang & Nguyen, 1972, M. poeti Holthuis, 1984, M. eriocheirum Dai, 1984, M. ahkowi Chong & Khoo, 1987 [= M. johnsoni Chong & Khoo, 1987], M. gua Chong, 1989, M. forcipatum Ng, 1995, M. platycheles Ou & Yeo, 1995, M. pilosum Cai & Dai, 1999, M. amplimanus Cai & Dai, 1999, M. sirindhorn Naiyanetr, 2001, M. kelianense Wowor & Short, 2007, and M. empulipke Wowor, 2010. With its reduced eyes, M. spelaeus could be easily separated by all the other members of the M. pilimanus group except M. poeti. Macrobrachium poeti was described from several caves in Gunung Sewu, Java, Indonesia. Macrobrachium spelaeus could be distinguished from M. poeti (cf. Holthuis, 1984) by having more teeth on the lower margin of the rostrum (2 or 3 vs. 1 in M. poeti); the shorter merus of the second pereiopods (as long as palm vs. distinctly longer than palm in M. poeti); the larger number of teeth on the cutting edges of the fingers (15 vs. several in M. poeti), the slender propodus in third pereiopods (3.4 times as long as dactylus vs.3 times in M. poeti). Compared to epigean species of the group, M. spelaeus morphologically resembles M. dienbienphuense Dang & Nguyen, 1972, a species originally described from northern Vietnam, but also reported from China, Laos, and Thailand (Cai et al., 2004; Hanamura et al., 2011), especially when taking into account of the form of second pereiopods. Besides the eyes, M. spelaeus could be separated from M. dienbienphuense (cf. Dang & Nguyen, 1972; Cai et al. 2004, Hanamura et al. 2011) by the form of rostrum (straight vs. convex); shorter major second pereiopods in male specimens (as long as body length vs. distinctly longer in M. dienbienphuense) less setae/pubescence in second pereiopods (see fig. 3 vs. fig. 3 in Dang & Nguyen 1972); fewer number of teeth on the cutting edges of the fingers (15 vs. 18–32 in M. dienbienphuense). Comparative specimens examined. Macrobrachium dienbienphuense: 10 males, cl 9.0–11.0 mm, 5 ovigerous females, cl 6.7–8.3 mm, eggs 1.3 × 1.0 mm (ZRC 2000.2693), Central Thailand, Lop Buri Province, Chai Badan, coll. Y. Cai, 20 June 1998; 9 males, cl 10.2–11.7 mm, North-east Thailand, Phibun, Mangsahan, Ubon Rachathani Mae Nam Moon, Mangsahan afternoon market, coll. Y. Cai et al., 16 June 1998.Published as part of Cai, Yixiong & Vidthayanon, Chavalit, 2016, Macrobrachium spelaeus, a new species of stygobitic freshwater prawn from Thailand (Decapoda: Palaemonidae), pp. 117-122 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64 on pages 117-121, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450200
Oxygen isotope exchange kinetics between CAI melt and carbon monoxide gas : Implication for CAI formation in the earliest Solar System
No full textCoarse-grained igneous calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are suggested to have experienced gas-melt isotope exchange of oxygen during the melting events of their precursors. Therefore, their oxygen isotope variation would preserve information about the high-temperature processes in the earliest Solar System. We experimentally determined oxygen isotope exchange kinetics between CAI analog melt and carbon monoxide (CO) gas at 1420 degrees C and 1460 degrees C under CO gas partial pressures of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 Pa to understand the role of CO gas on the oxygen isotope exchange. We observed oxygen isotope zoning profiles inside the reacted samples that formed through the oxygen isotope exchange reaction at the melt surface and oxygen diffusion in the melt. The zoning profiles were fitted using a three-dimensional spherical diffusion model with time-dependent surface concentration. The oxygen isotope exchange efficiency for colliding CO molecules is estimated to be similar to 3.3 x 10(-4), which is much smaller than that for H2O (0.28). The oxygen diffusion coefficient obtained in this study is similar to that obtained in the oxygen isotope exchange experiments between the CAI melt and H2O, suggesting that the diffusion species in the melt is O2-, despite the surrounding atmospheres. A comparison of the isotope exchange reaction kinetics between (1) CAI melt and CO gas, (2) CAI melt and H2O gas, and (3) CO and H2O gases shows that the reaction rate decreases in the order of (3), (2), and (1). The rapid isotope exchange of the reaction (1) indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of H2O and CO should have been equilibrated during the melting and crystallization processes of igneous CAIs. Both H2O and CO change the oxygen isotope compositions of molten CAI in the same direction, although reaction (2) controls the isotope exchange timescale between the CAI melt and surrounding gas. Our dataset demonstrates that type B CAIs having melilite with homogeneous oxygen isotope composition should have been heated for 2-3 days at P-H2 > 100 Pa above the melilite liquidus (similar to 1400 degrees C) in the solar protoplanetary disk. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Iterative learning control: algorithm development and experimental benchmarking
No full textThis thesis concerns the general area of experimental benchmarking of Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithms using two experimental facilities. ILC is an approach which is suitable for applications where the same task is executed repeatedly over the necessarily finite time duration, known as the trial length. The process is reset prior to the commencement of each execution. The basic idea of ILC is to use information from previously executed trials to update the control input to be applied during the next one. The first experimental facility is a non-minimum phase electro-mechanical system and the other is a gantry robot whose basic task is to pick and place objects on a moving conveyor under synchronization and in a fixed finite time duration that replicates many tasks encountered in the process industries. Novel contributions are made in both the development of new algorithms and, especially, in the analysis of experimental results both of a single algorithm alone and also in the comparison of the relative performance of different algorithms. In the case of non-minimum phase systems, a new algorithm, named Reference Shift ILC (RSILC) is developed that is of a two loop structure. One learning loop addresses the system lag and another tackles the possibility of a large initial plant input commonly encountered when using basic iterative learning control algorithms. After basic algorithm development and simulation studies, experimental results are given to conclude that performance improvement over previously reported algorithms is reasonable. The gantry robot has been previously used to experimentally benchmark a range of simple structure ILC algorithms, such as those based on the ILC versions of the classical proportional plus derivative error actuated controllers, and some state-space based optimal ILC algorithms. Here these results are extended by the first ever detailed experimental study of the performance of stochastic ILC algorithms together with some modifications necessary to their configuration in order to increase performance. The majority of the currently reported ILC algorithms mainly focus on reducing the trial-to-trial error but it is known that this may come at the cost of poor or unacceptable performance along the trial dynamics. Control theory for discrete linear repetitive processes is used to design ILC control laws that enable the control of both trial-to-trial error convergence and along the trial dynamics. These algorithms can be computed using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) and again the results of experimental implementation on the gantry robot are given. These results are the first ever in this key area and represent a benchmark against which alternatives can be compared. In the concluding chapter, a critical overview of the results presented is given together with areas for both short and medium term further researc
Some CAI programs in general mathematics
No full textFrom the middle of the 1950’s to the present, educators have been continually searching for and developing supplemental methods of instruction. Through the cooperative efforts of corporations and educational institutions, a most effective and efficient method has been developed. The method is Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI). In CAI a computer is used to present instructional material to individual users. The instruction material can be structured as a drill and practice exercise, tutorial lesson, or simulation. These three structural styles all provide a means for individualizing instruction. CAI is a patient, tireless, and objective tutor for every individual user. The CAI system, developed by the author, is used to supplement an eighth grade mathematics class. The content areas covered are: 1) integers; 2) order of operations; 3) evaluating mathematical expressions; and 4) solving simple linear equations. Even though the system has some limitations and drawbacks, the preliminary results from the system’s use were extremely encouraging. The sixteen CAI programs are referred to as a system since no CMI method is incorporated. With further development and modification, this CAI system will be expanded to a full CAI package covering the entire content area for an eighth grade mathematics course.Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-37)California State University, Northridge. Department of Education
The influence of the Drama stage and Tuong on the Cai Luong stage
No full textCai Luong is a type of theater art that is interested in many researchers, writers and artists, and there have been many research works written on Cai Luong's theater art. However, the authors have almost only mentioned management issues, management methods and the history of formation as well as the development process of this art without any research on the influence of this art. Tuong and stage Drama refers to the Cai Luong stage. In the framework of the article, the author would like to briefly introduce the influence of Tuong and Drama stages on the Cai Luong stage - an important influence for Cai Luong art to have its complete appearance today. Besides, the author also would like to briefly review Cai Luong's art in Thanh Hoa - one of the rare localities that still preserve this art
The Baltic CAI challenge : reconciling Transatlanticism with EU solidarity
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).As the EU officials and their Chinese counterparts emphasised the end of 2020 as the date for a successful conclusion of the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI, the Agreement), the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were sceptical. However, after discussions, with Lithuania appearing to be the most visible opponent of CAI among the Baltic nations, all three eventually upheld the proposal. Understanding that the ratification of CAI is unlikely after the mutual exchange of sanctions between the EU and PRC in March, 2021, the report nevertheless examines the roots of the Baltic position as a case study of inter-EU bargains, inspects what factors contributed to the Baltic position on the issue of CAI, presents the national pro- and counter-arguments to CAI along the domains of geo-politics, values, and economy, and brings up the dilemmas that remain unsolved.Peer reviewe
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