1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Flexibilisierung von anaerober Vergärung und Dunkelfermentation mittels einer gradientenbasierten Überwachungsstrategie in einem Pfropfenstromreaktor
No full textAiming at a sustainable energy production, 65 to 85% of biogenic residues in Germany are collected and used for mechanical or biological transformation. A share of it is applied for biogas production through anaerobic digestion in one of the approximate 9,000 biogas plants. If methanogenesis is prevented, the microbial conversion of biomass leads to the production of short-chain carboxylic acids in a process called dark fermentation. These products can be utilized as feed for the valorization in bioproduction.
Lignocellulosic biomass is called recalcitrant due to its lignin content of 15-20% which is leading to difficulties in anaerobic digestion. Allowing high dry matter contents and loading rates, plug-flow based fermenter systems are of interest for the treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Indeed, with radial mixing, a gradient formation can be achieved along the reactor length. The monitoring of this gradient formation has not been investigated so far. The evaluation of the efficiency of the processes is most often based mainly on the gas production, whereas the liquid phase, if monitored, is evaluated only at one randomly chosen spot.
The work here describes strategies to increase anaerobic transformation of lignocellulosic feedstock based on the multi-position monitoring of the liquid phase in a plug-flow reactor and evaluates the potential implementation of decentralized processing.
A 10L plug-flow reactor with 3 sets of on-line sensors monitoring pH, oxidoreduction potential and conductivity at the inlet, center and outlet parts was while digesting varying recalcitrant feedstock.
The on-line monitored values were interrelated to off-line analyses for short-chain carboxylic acids content and chemical oxygen demand via Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Results show that for the correlation analysis and successive forecast of the reactor performance, both single point measurements for pH, conductivity and ORP and the respective gradients are relevant to different extents. The various process conditions, e.g. dark fermentation, full anaerobic digestion and alterations in the power input are influencing the relevance of the monitoring at certain positions.
Correlation analysis led to the assessment that monitoring at the center and outlet part of the reactor had the highest correlation to the off-line measurements. Thus, the on-line values gained from these positions could be used to replace off-line analysis effort, like short-chain carboxylic acid quantification. Therefore, multi-position monitoring of the liquid phase in plug-flow reactors allows an early detection of process failures and can help to achieve an increased feedstock flexibilization towards a higher share of lignocellulosic substrate.Im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Energieproduktion werden 65 bis 85% der biogenen Reststoffe in Deutschland gesammelt und für die mechanische oder biologische Verwertung mobilisiert. Ein Teil davon wird in einer der ungefähr 9.000 Biogasanlagen durch anaerobe Gärung zur Biogasproduktion genutzt. Wird die Methanogenese unterbunden, führt die mikrobielle Konversion von Biomasse in einem als Dunkelfermentation bezeichneten Prozess zur Produktion kurzkettiger Carboxylsäuren. Diese Produkte können als Substrat für die Bioproduktion von Wertstoffen genutzt werden. Lignocellulosehaltige Biomasse wird aufgrund ihres Ligningehalts von 15-20 % als rekalzitrant bezeichnet, was zu Schwierigkeiten bei der anaeroben Gärung führt. Für die Behandlung von lignozellulosehaltiger Biomasse sind Bioreaktoren mit Pfropfenströmung interessant, die hohe Trockensubstanzgehalte und Beladungsraten ermöglichen. Durch die radiale Durchmischung kann eine Gradientenbildung entlang der Reaktorlänge erreicht werden. Die Überwachung dieser Gradientenbildung ist bisher nicht untersucht worden. Die Bewertung der Effizienz der Prozesse basiert meist hauptsächlich auf der Gasproduktion, während die Flüssigphase, sofern sie überwacht wird, nur an einer zufällig ausgewählten Stelle bewertet wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Strategien zur Steigerung der anaeroben Umwandlung von lignozellulosehaltigem Ausgangsmaterial auf der Grundlage der Überwachung der Flüssigphase an mehreren Stellen in einem Pfropfenstromreaktor und bewertet die mögliche Umsetzung einer dezentralen Verarbeitung. Ein 10L Pfropfenstromreaktor mit jeweils drei On-line Sensoren zur Überwachung des pH-Wertes, des Redoxpotenzials und der Leitfähigkeit am Einlass, in der Mitte und am Auslass wurde während der Fermentation von unterschiedlichem rekalzitrantem Ausgangsmaterial verwendet. Die on-line überwachten Werte wurden über eine Pearson-Korrelationsanalyse mit Analysen des Gehalts an kurzkettigen Carbonsäuren und des chemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für die Korrelationsanalyse und die sukzessive Vorhersage der Reaktorleistung sowohl Einzelpunktmessungen für pH, Leitfähigkeit und Redoxpotential als auch die jeweiligen Gradienten in unterschiedlichem Maße relevant sind. Die verschiedenen Prozessbedingungen, z.B. Dunkelfermentation, vollständige anaerobe Vergärung, unterschiedlicher Leistungseintrag, beeinflussen die Relevanz der Überwachung an bestimmten Stellen. Die Korrelationsanalyse ergab, dass die Überwachung in der Mitte und am Ausgang des Reaktors die höchste Korrelation zu den off-line Messungen aufweist. Somit könnten die an diesen Positionen gewonnenen Werte dazu verwendet werden, off-line Analysen zu ersetzen, z. B. die Quantifizierung kurzkettiger Carbonsäuren. Die Multipositions-Überwachung der Flüssigphase in Pfropfenstromreaktoren ermöglicht daher eine frühzeitige Erkennung von Prozessstörungen und kann dazu beitragen, die Flexibilisierung des Einsatzmaterials hin zu einem höheren Anteil an lignozellulosehaltigem Substrat zu erreichen.BMFTR, 031B0659, FACCE SURPLUS 2: PASS-BIO – Pfropfenstromreaktor –basierte Säurefermentation für kleine BioRaffinerie
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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