1,720,955 research outputs found
Assessing L2 grammar: English teachers’ accounts
No full textLanguage teachers’ accounts regarding grammatical assessment have changed over the years. Researchers have presented conflicting approaches, methods and different materials language teachers can use when assessing pupils’ L2 grammar. In addition, different researchers, within the applied linguistic field, have presented and discussed what possibly can affect teachers’ accounts of underlying reasonings for certain practices. This study aims to investigate English teachers’ accounts concerning grammatical assessment and reveal what methods English teachers use, further, what underlying reasonings the teachers have for their choices. To accomplish this investigation, three semi-structured interviews with English teachers from lower secondary schools in Sweden were conducted. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed through thematic analysis and table-coding. The results showed that the English teachers relied on four different methods when assessing their pupils L2 grammar. Grammatical assessment methods that emphasized both a traditional- and alternative assessment approach. Furthermore, all of the English teachers had several underlying reasonings for their grammatical assessment methods. The teachers considered learners’ need, personal experiences, school system guidelines and time constraints. This study provides further insight to the grammatical assessment discussion within teaching English as a second language, and contributes with a perspective of how Swedish lower secondary English teachers work with grammatical assessment
PE teachers on the movie screen : A qualitative character analysis and literature study through a gender perspective
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur idrottslärare framställs i svenska filmer ur ett genusperspektiv samt hur framställningarna förhåller sig till internationella idrottslärarporträtteringar. Studien kommer att besvara följande frågeställningar: - Vilka egenskaper och karaktärsdrag tillskrivs manliga och kvinnliga idrottslärare i svensk film?- Vilka skillnader respektive likheter finns mellan svenska och amerikanska framställningar av idrottslärare? Teori och metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats som tar avstamp i den fenomenologiska metoden. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna tillämpades en teoretisk karaktärsanalysstrategi utifrån fem karaktäriseringstekniker samt en litteraturstudie. Datainsamlingen byggde på ett målinriktat och målstyrt urval där åtta svenska filmer och tre amerikanska forskningsartiklar gällande hur idrottslärare porträtteras valdes ut. Det teoretiska angreppssättet ’att göra kön’ användes för att tolka och förstå data. Resultat Resultatet visar att manliga idrottslärare i svensk film framställs med tre tydliga karaktärsdrag. De framställs som trygghetsskapare, lärande lärare och mobbare. Vidare porträtteras kvinnliga idrottslärareporträtteras den kvinnliga idrottsläraren som endast en endast maktgalenna förgripare. I jämförelsen mellan hur svenska och amerikanska idrottslärare framställs framkom fler skillnader än likheter. Till skillnad från de svenska framställningarna porträtteras amerikanska manliga idrottslärare som heterosexuella, aggressiva och lågintellektuella muskelknuttar medan de kvinnliga idrottslärarna framställs som sexobjekt eller stereotypt karlaktigt homosexuella. Slutsats Utifrån studiens syfte framhävs tre slutsatser: 1) manliga och kvinnliga idrottslärarkaraktärer i svensk film skildras olika, 2) svenska och amerikansk filma samhällen har inte samma kulturella uttryck uppfattning omgällande idrottslärare och 3) svenska filmer både vidgar och förstärker könsstereotyper via idrottslärarkaraktärer. För att kunna dra mer omfattande slutsatser gällande hur idrottslärare framställs i svensk film krävs ytterligare forskning.Aim and research questions The aim of this study is to investigate how physical education teachers (PE teachers) are portrayed in Swedish films from a gender perspective as well as how these portrayals relate to international representations of PE teachers. The study will answer the following questions: - Which characteristics are attributed to male and female PE teachers in Swedish films? - What are the differences and similarities between Swedish and American depictions of PE teachers? Theory and method The study has a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological method. To answer the research questions, a theoretical character analysis strategy based on five different characterization techniques and a literature study was applied. The data collection was based on a purposive sampling from which eight Swedish films and three American studies regarding portrayals of PE teachers were selected. The theoretical approach of ‘making gender’ was used to interpret and understand the data. Results The results show that male PE teachers in Swedish films are portrayed with three distinct characteristics. They are portrayed as creators of security, educators and bullies. Furthermore, the female PE teacher is portrayed as a power-crazed abuser. In the comparison between Swedish and American depictions of PE teachers in films, more differences emerged than similarities. In contrast to the Swedish portrayals, American male PE teachers are portrayed as heterosexual, aggressive and low-intellectual musclemen, whilst the female PE teachers are portrayed as sex objects or butch homosexuals. Conclusion Based on the aim of the study, three conclusions are highlighted: 1) male and female PE teachers are portrayed differently in Swedish films, 2) Swedish and American films do not have the same cultural expression regarding PE teachers and 3) Swedish films both broaden and reinforces gender stereotypes through the PE teacher characters. In order to draw more comprehensive conclusions regarding the portrayal of PE teachers in Swedish films, further research is required
PE teachers on the movie screen : A qualitative character analysis and literature study through a gender perspective
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur idrottslärare framställs i svenska filmer ur ett genusperspektiv samt hur framställningarna förhåller sig till internationella idrottslärarporträtteringar. Studien kommer att besvara följande frågeställningar: - Vilka egenskaper och karaktärsdrag tillskrivs manliga och kvinnliga idrottslärare i svensk film?- Vilka skillnader respektive likheter finns mellan svenska och amerikanska framställningar av idrottslärare? Teori och metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats som tar avstamp i den fenomenologiska metoden. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna tillämpades en teoretisk karaktärsanalysstrategi utifrån fem karaktäriseringstekniker samt en litteraturstudie. Datainsamlingen byggde på ett målinriktat och målstyrt urval där åtta svenska filmer och tre amerikanska forskningsartiklar gällande hur idrottslärare porträtteras valdes ut. Det teoretiska angreppssättet ’att göra kön’ användes för att tolka och förstå data. Resultat Resultatet visar att manliga idrottslärare i svensk film framställs med tre tydliga karaktärsdrag. De framställs som trygghetsskapare, lärande lärare och mobbare. Vidare porträtteras kvinnliga idrottslärareporträtteras den kvinnliga idrottsläraren som endast en endast maktgalenna förgripare. I jämförelsen mellan hur svenska och amerikanska idrottslärare framställs framkom fler skillnader än likheter. Till skillnad från de svenska framställningarna porträtteras amerikanska manliga idrottslärare som heterosexuella, aggressiva och lågintellektuella muskelknuttar medan de kvinnliga idrottslärarna framställs som sexobjekt eller stereotypt karlaktigt homosexuella. Slutsats Utifrån studiens syfte framhävs tre slutsatser: 1) manliga och kvinnliga idrottslärarkaraktärer i svensk film skildras olika, 2) svenska och amerikansk filma samhällen har inte samma kulturella uttryck uppfattning omgällande idrottslärare och 3) svenska filmer både vidgar och förstärker könsstereotyper via idrottslärarkaraktärer. För att kunna dra mer omfattande slutsatser gällande hur idrottslärare framställs i svensk film krävs ytterligare forskning.Aim and research questions The aim of this study is to investigate how physical education teachers (PE teachers) are portrayed in Swedish films from a gender perspective as well as how these portrayals relate to international representations of PE teachers. The study will answer the following questions: - Which characteristics are attributed to male and female PE teachers in Swedish films? - What are the differences and similarities between Swedish and American depictions of PE teachers? Theory and method The study has a qualitative approach based on the phenomenological method. To answer the research questions, a theoretical character analysis strategy based on five different characterization techniques and a literature study was applied. The data collection was based on a purposive sampling from which eight Swedish films and three American studies regarding portrayals of PE teachers were selected. The theoretical approach of ‘making gender’ was used to interpret and understand the data. Results The results show that male PE teachers in Swedish films are portrayed with three distinct characteristics. They are portrayed as creators of security, educators and bullies. Furthermore, the female PE teacher is portrayed as a power-crazed abuser. In the comparison between Swedish and American depictions of PE teachers in films, more differences emerged than similarities. In contrast to the Swedish portrayals, American male PE teachers are portrayed as heterosexual, aggressive and low-intellectual musclemen, whilst the female PE teachers are portrayed as sex objects or butch homosexuals. Conclusion Based on the aim of the study, three conclusions are highlighted: 1) male and female PE teachers are portrayed differently in Swedish films, 2) Swedish and American films do not have the same cultural expression regarding PE teachers and 3) Swedish films both broaden and reinforces gender stereotypes through the PE teacher characters. In order to draw more comprehensive conclusions regarding the portrayal of PE teachers in Swedish films, further research is required
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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