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Essays on Economic Inequalities
No full textThis work relates to income inequalities studied from two different perspectives: ICT innovation (Chapter 1-2) and bargaining among social groups (Chapter 3-4). ICT innovation affects the number of jobs but also the structure of the labor market, with important consequences on income distribution. ICT innovation could destroy more jobs than it creates, for the first time since the beginning of industrialization; meanwhile the advanced ICT softwares are reducing that professions typically associated with the middle class, in favor of those that lies to the extremes of pays. On the other hand, the ability of each social group to attract resources is a second source of movements in income distribution; in particular, bargaining can take place within each company (firms versus trade-unions) and within the government (political parties competing to impose welfare regime).
In Chapter 1 we estimate the effect of internet revolution on the number of jobs. The fourth industrial revolution, which began with the rise of internet technology, is now seeing the development of increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence software. One consequence of such development is the ever-more serious risk posed for jobs. Chapter 1 shall examine this phenomenon in three steps; first, we shall empirically show that productivity growth over the last two decades was led by ICT; secondly, we shall discuss whether these productivity gains have affected the structure of employment by examining the data coming from 16 OECD countries and how such outcomes may be linked to innovation in ICT. Finally, a forecasting logistic model on the evolution of employment will be provided, projecting that by 2040-50 unemployment and atypical forms of work will affect 60% of the workforce in most of the countries observed.
In Chapter 2 we observe the structure of job market over the last 25 years in order to find which professions have expanded and which ones have reduced and then we link this outcome to middle class thinning and the consequent income inequality growth. The underlying hypothesis is that ICT innovations are changing job structures, at least in the most industrialized countries. Firstly, this chapter takes the studies of Acemoglu and Autor (2010) and Goos et al. (2009) as a starting point and then updates their results for 16 European countries. The outcome we have found is an accentuation of the dynamics already observed in the literature. On the one hand, the number of non-routine jobs has increased while routine ones (both skilled and non-skilled) have become fewer; on the other hand, while the number of both low-paid and high-paid jobs has risen, those with average compensation have fallen almost everywhere. The consequence is a progressive thinning of the middle class and a change in income distribution among Western populations. Secondly, Chapter 2 links these findings with the recent intensification of the populist phenomenon. We shall be discussing an original theory, consistent both with the literature and with the empirical evidence, which describes the populist origins and its future prospects.
In Chapter 3 shift our consideration to the social dynamic of inequalities. Income inequalities increase and decrease according to the capability of each social group in appropriating the national added value. The final outcome of this partition may be seen reflected on the price level. The lasting debate about the origins of inflation has determined two opposing approaches: monetarism and bargaining. The aim of Chapter 3 is to put these aspects together in an innovative synthesis. To investigate this item, we used an Input-Output (IO) approach and we developed an original mathematical process to define the real price index variations. After that, we tested this theoretical definition with an empirical study on Italian inflation over 30 years where we elaborated 31 official I-O tables compiled by the Italian statistics bureau (ISTAT). By this verified definition, inflation is strictly due to the level of wages and profits. This level, in turn, depends both on monetary government intervention (monetarist approach) and on collective bargaining among trade-unions and stakeholders (classic bargaining approach). Finally, by this model, theoretical implications are derived and summed up in six different settings ceteris paribus.
Finally, in Chapter 4 we link income inequalities to Health Systems in a European perspective. With a sociological slant, we compare European countries in the context of neoliberal era, focusing on healthy life years for elderly (HLY65+). Firstly, we outline the theoretical state of the art in the literature on health inequalities, stressing the important relationship that links health inequalities to geographic area. In the second part of Chapter 4 we observe data relating to the changes of HLY65+ in the European member states and we correlate these results with the income inequality measured by the Gini index. The last part of Chapter 4 advance some comments on health inequalities in the context of the neoliberal era and in relation to geographic place and welfare policies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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