1,721,504 research outputs found
Gender norms, policies, and values in the Black Sea region
No full textThis presentation was given in the context of the ECPR Standing Group Political Culture Lecture Series on 14.09.2022 (online).
Abstract: Around the globe, societies differ by their gender culture. Pfau-Effinger (1998, p. 150) uses this term refers to norms and values underlying a “certain uniform assumptions about the desirable, ‘correct’ form of gender relations and of the division of labor between women and men (in a specific society). These are institutionalized as norms and therefore remain relatively constant”.
“Gender norms” refer to those norms and values guiding people in their behavior about gender relations and providing gender role expectations. These dynamics do not take place only in daily interactions between individuals, but also between individuals and the social context wherein they live. At the societal level, gender cultures are considered as the result of the historical pathway that intertwines socio-economic progress with political, social and cultural development, including processes as secularization (Pfau-Effinger, 2004; Voicu & Tufiş, 2012).
While gender cultures are typically discussed at the country level, scholars also explored gender cultures at the regional level, for example considering European areas, Middle-East or North African regions (Aboim, 2010; Lomazzi, 2020; Lomazzi & Crespi, 2019; Rahman, 2012; Teigen & Wängnerud, 2009). In this perspective, this contribution aims at exploring to what extent countries in the Black Sea region present similarities or relevant differences in their gender cultures and wonders whether it is possible to argue of a regional gender culture.
The study considers gender norms at the transnational, national level, and at the individuals’ level, by considering policies, legislation, and public opinion as collected by the European Values Study/World Values Survey (EVS/WVS).
The study underlines the heterogeneity in the Black Sea region, not only regarding the current gender norms prevailing in each country, but also in the role that gender norms and values play in the process of nation building and in the international political scenario. While the Black Sea region displays a common trend towards greater gender equality, the situation appears fragmented and finding common traits across the whole region is hard. Instead of a common path of transition, the region appears characterized by multiple transitions with specific challenges regarding the current EU membership, Aspiring Europeanization, Post-soviet transition, Authoritarianism and traditional backlash
Editorial: The COVID-19 pandemic crisis: The implication for work-life/family balance and gender inequalities
Full text linkThe need for action for Sustainable Development pursuing gender equality (Objective 5 in the UN 2030 Agenda) finds, among the multiple areas of commitment, a direct link with the domain of work-life balance, a topical issue for gender equality. In this direction, the European Union issued a new Work-life Balance Directive in 2019, aimed at promoting gender equality through increased female economic participation and a fairer share of unpaid care responsibilities between men and women.
Despite the relevance given to this topic, several factors still damper the progress toward greater gender equality and jeopardize the potential impact of national and transnational policies, including those in the European gender mainstreaming framework (Ahrens et al., 2018; Lomazzi and Crespi, 2019). For example, the deterioration of economic conditions because of the crisis (Karamessini and Rubery, 2013), austerity policies (Anastasiou et al., 2015), and the institutionalization of far-right, populist, and Euro-skepticism movements (Meret and Siim, 2013; Akkerman, 2015) can contribute to a traditional backlash.
In this scenario of permanent crisis, the pandemic might represent a further threat to gender equality: Pre-existing gender inequalities (EIGE, 2019) further increase also because of the gendered implications of the increased challenges to work-life/family balance, as papers belonging to this Research Topic show
Gender Norms and Values in the Black Sea Region
No full textAround the globe, societies differ by their gender culture. Pfau-Effinger (1998, p. 150) uses this term refers to norms and values underlying a “certain uniform assumptions about the desirable, 'correct' form of gender relations and of the division of labor between women and men (in a specific society). These are institutionalized as norms and therefore remain relatively constant”.
“Gender norms” refer to those norms and values guiding people in their behavior about gender relations and providing gender role expectations. These dynamics do not take place only in daily interactions between individuals, but also between individuals and the social context wherein they live. At the societal level, gender cultures are considered as the result of the historical pathway that intertwines socio-economic progress with political, social and cultural development, including processes as secularization (Pfau-Effinger, 2004; Voicu & Tufiş, 2012).
While gender cultures are typically discussed at the country level, scholars also explored gender cultures at the regional level, for example considering European areas, Middle-East or North African regions (Aboim, 2010; Lomazzi, 2020; Lomazzi & Crespi, 2019; Rahman, 2012; Teigen & Wängnerud, 2009). In this perspective, this contribution aims at exploring to what extent countries in the Black Sea region present similarities or relevant differences in their gender cultures and wonders whether it is possible to argue of a regional gender culture.
The study considers gender norms at the transnational, national level, and at the individuals’ level, by considering policies, legislation, and public opinion as collected by the European Values Study/World Values Survey (EVS/WVS).
The study underlines the heterogeneity in the Black Sea region, not only regarding the current gender norms prevailing in each country, but also in the role that gender norms and values play in the process of nation building and in the international political scenario.
While the Black Sea region displays a common trend towards greater gender equality, the situation appears fragmented and finding common traits across the whole region is hard. Instead of a common path of transition, the region appears characterized by multiple transitions with specific challenges regarding the current EU membership, Aspiring Europeanization, Post-soviet transition, Authoritarianism and traditional backlash
Editorial: The COVID-19 pandemic crisis: The implication for work-life/family balance and gender inequalities
Full text linkThe need for action for Sustainable Development pursuing gender equality (Objective 5 in the UN 2030 Agenda) finds, among the multiple areas of commitment, a direct link with the domain of work-life balance, a topical issue for gender equality. In this direction, the European Union issued a new Work-life Balance Directive in 2019, aimed at promoting gender equality through increased female economic participation and a fairer share of unpaid care responsibilities between men and women. Despite the relevance given to this topic, several factors still damper the progress toward greater gender equality and jeopardize the potential impact of national and transnational policies, including those in the European gender mainstreaming framework (Ahrens et al., 2018; Lomazzi and Crespi, 2019). For example, the deterioration of economic conditions because of the crisis (Karamessini and Rubery, 2013), austerity policies (Anastasiou et al., 2015), and the institutionalization of far-right, populist, and Euro-skepticism movements (Meret and Siim, 2013; Akkerman, 2015) can contribute to a traditional backlash. In this scenario of permanent crisis, the pandemic might represent a further threat to gender equality: Pre-existing gender inequalities (EIGE, 2019) further increase also because of the gendered implications of the increased challenges to work-life/family balance, as papers belonging to this Research Topic show
Gender role attitudes in Italy: 1988-2008 - a path-dependency story of traditionalism
Full text linkConsidering gender role attitudes as part of a broader cultural change related to the modernization process, this study adopts a path-dependency approach to analyze the support for the role of women in the public sphere in Italy since 1988. Modernization processes varied across Italian regions and the paper explores how different gender patterns developed accordingly. Using pooled data from European Values Survey, World Values Survey, and International Social Survey Program, the author assesses if this specific change is part of the postmaterialist shift and investigates the mechanisms of change carrying out cohort decomposition methods. The results address a reinforcement of traditionalism mainly due to the period effect that shows regional differences given by history
The Cultural Roots of Violence against Women: Individual and Institutional Gender Norms in 12 Countries
Full text linkTo discuss the cultural roots of violence against women (VAW), this study focuses on individual gender norms, prescriptive gender role expectations, moral justification of VAW, and institutional gender norms that define gender cultures, that provide opportunities for VAW, and legitimize roles and behaviors. We used indicators of gender norms related to VAW from different sources to provide an overview of 12 countries (Armenia, Cyprus, Czechia, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine). The indicators include individual gender role attitudes and justification of wife beating from the World Values Survey; information on national legislation and institutional discrimination from the Social Institution Gender Index from the OECD; and each country’s position on the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence—a transnational platform with relevant transformative power that has been opposed by anti-Europeanists. Although situations vary significantly in the different countries, this explorative study suggests that eradicating the cultural roots of VAW is more difficult in societies in which rigid traditional gender roles and a strongly patriarchal culture in legislation and institutions are supported by moral views legitimizing violence as a form of punishment for challenging prescribed gender roles
Testing the Goodness of the EVS Gender Role Attitudes Scale
Full text linkThis study provides a critical evaluation of the gender role attitude scale included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The goodness of this scale is tested considering first of all its reliability and the stability of the factorial structure. The results suggest caution in the use of this instrument: the scale presents a deep variation in reliability across countries and its configuration is not stable, displaying several different factor structures from one country to another. In considering the source of this instability, this study addresses a priming effect due to questions introduced in 2008 immediately prior to the use of the gender role attitudes scale that modified the context of response.Cette étude fournit une évaluation critique de l’échelle d’attitude du rôle de genre incluse dans la quatrième vague de l’étude des valeurs européennes. La qualité de cette échelle est testée en considérant d’abord sa fiabilité et la stabilité de la structure factorielle. Les résultats suggèrent une prudence dans l’utilisation de cet instrument : l’échelle présente une variation profonde de la fiabilité entre les pays et sa configuration n’est pas stable, affichant plusieurs structures de facteurs différents d’un pays a l’autre. En étudiant la source de cette instabilité, la présente étude aborde un effet d’amorçage en raison des questions posées en 2008 immédiatement avant l’utilisation de l’echelle des attitudes du rôle de genre qui a modifié le contexte de réponse
L'archivio dello Studio De Pas - D'Urbino - Lomazzi presso il CASVA
No full textIl saggio nasce dalla donazione dell'archivio dello studio De Pas - D'Urbino - Lomazzi al CASVA di Milano e sottolinea come i documenti raccontino un’interessante storia di relazioni, dalla quale emergono sia la costruzione ragionata del patrimonio documentale, i lavori realizzati dagli architetti e la formazione di un “coro a tre voci”: infatti, Jonhatan De Pas, Donato D'Urbino e Paolo Lomazzi mostrano, fin dall'organizzazione delle loro carte, una spiccata predisposizione al lavoro di gruppo, dove le loro singole personalità riescono felicemente ad amalgamarsi nella sperimentata pratica condotta insieme. Tale predisposizione è presente anche nelle tracce dei progetti antecedenti alla costituzione del celebre studio De Pas – D’Urbino – Lomazzi, nel 1966, quando i tre architetti conducevano esperienze ed attività parallele prima di incontrarsi e decidere di collaborare in un prolifiìco sodalizio. Il volume rimanda sia a progetti celebri (ad es. la poltrona gonfiabile Blow per Zanotta, 1967; la poltrona guantone Joe per Poltronova, 1970) , sia a numerose opere inedite
De Pas, D'Urbino, Lomazzi. Blow: sedersi sull'aria
No full textDue video-lezioni che sintetizzano la costituzione del gruppo De Pas-D'Urbino-Lomazzi e la progettazione della poltrona Blow, nonché il ruolo di pietra miliare assunto da quest'ultima nella storia del design
Valutare l'invarianza di misurazione della solidarietà interindividuale
No full textL’assunto di comparabilità è alla base di ogni studio comparativo delle scienze sociali e politiche. Tuttavia, questo assunto non può essere dato per scontato. Soprattutto nell’ambito della ricerca quantitativa nel campo di valori e atteggiamenti, molteplici fonti di distorsione, di natura metodologica e culturale, possono minare questo assunto portando all’elaborazione di conclusioni e generalizzazioni basandosi su risultati fuorvianti.
Il contributo descrive tali sfide dal punto di visto metodologico e presenta le principali tecniche per la valutazione dell’invarianza di misurazione (anche detta: equivalenza di misurazione) utilizzando come esempio empirico il concetto di solidarietà interindividuale, così come operativizzata nell’ultima rilevazione dell’European Values Study (EVS). Il modello di misurazione presenta una struttura a tre dimensioni: solidarietà sociale, locale e globale. Con riferimento ai dati dei 21 paesi dell’UE inclusi nell’EVS (2017-2020), i risultati mostrano che lo strumento non è invariante e che la fonte principale di bias risiede nella dimensione di “solidarietà globale”. Il saggio si conclude con alcuni accorgimenti pratici e indicazioni per futura ricerca.The assumption of comparability underlies any comparative study of the social and political sciences. However, this assumption cannot be taken for granted. Especially in quantitative research in the field of values and attitudes, multiple sources of bias, both cultural and methodological ones, can undermine this assumption leading to the development of conclusions and generalizations based on misleading results.
The paper describes these challenges from a methodological perspective and presents the main techniques for assessing measurement invariance (also called measurement equivalence) using as an empirical example the concept of interindividual solidarity as operationalized in the latest European Values Study (EVS) survey. The measurement model presents a three-dimensional structure: social, local and global solidarity. Based on data from the 21 EU countries included in the most recent wave of EVS (2017-2020), the results show lack of invariance and that the main source of bias lies in the "global solidarity" dimension. The essay concludes with some practical insights and directions for future research
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