1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Analysis of genomic aberrations with high resolution array-CGH for patients with malformations of the extremities
No full textVeränderungen im Genom fördern die genomische Vielfalt zwischen Individuen und
Spezies, können aber auch Fehlentwicklungen während der frühen Embryogenese
hervorrufen. In den letzten Jahren konnte eindrücklich gezeigt werden, dass
strukturelle Aberrationen (Deletionen, Duplikationen, Inversionen,
Translokationen) für die Entstehung von verschiedenen Krankheiten und
Fehlbildungen verantwortlich sein können. In dieser Arbeit wurden Patienten
mit verschiedenen angeborenen Fehlbildungen der Extremitäten mittels
hochauflösender Array-CGH untersucht, um genomische Aberrationen im Genom als
mögliche Ursache für die Fehlbildungen zu detektieren. Da die Entwicklung des
Skelettsystems bei Vertebraten ein sehr komplexer Prozess ist, der die
Beteiligung und korrekte Interaktion einer Vielzahl an Signalmolekülen
erfordert, stellen die Extremitäten ein gutes Modellsystem für die
Untersuchung von zellulären Interaktionen und interzellulären
Signalübertragungen dar. Fgf8, Shh und Ihh sind wichtige Signalmoleküle
während der frühen Extremitätenentwicklung. Sie beeinflussen das distale
Längenwachstum, die anterior-posteriore Musterausbildung und den Prozess der
Verknöcherung (endochondrale Ossifikation). Konzentrations- oder
Strukturänderungen von Molekülen, die während der Gliedmaßenentstehung von
Bedeutung sind, können einzelne Signalwege in ihrer Aktivität so beeinflussen,
dass Fehlentwicklungen von einzelnen Skelettelementen oder von der gesamten
Extremität die Folge sind. In Projekt 1 wurden Patienten mit dem klinischen
Erscheinungsbild einer Polysyndaktylie, einer Syndaktylie Typ IV (SD IV) sowie
mit dem klinischen Erscheinungsbild des Laurin Sandrow Syndroms (LSS) auf
genomische Aberrationen analysiert. Es konnten Duplikationen mit nicht-
rekurrenten Bruchpunkten auf dem Lokus 7q36.3 nachgewiesen werden. Diese
überlappenden Aberrationen befanden sich innerhalb der cis-regulatorischen
Enhancer-Region (ZRS-Region) des SHH-Gens, das für die korrekte Expression von
SHH während der Extremitätenentwicklung verantwortlich ist. Aus
vorangegangenen Arbeiten ist bekannt, dass Punktmutationen, aber auch
strukturelle Veränderungen innerhalb dieser Region, mit Handfehlbildungen
(Polysyndaktylie und triphalangealer Daumen) assoziiert sind. Im Rahmen dieser
Arbeit konnten weitere Handfehlbildungen mit einer Fehlexpression von SHH in
Verbindung gebracht werden, sowie erstmalig die genetische Ursache für das LSS
identifiziert werden. In Projekt 2 wurden Patienten mit einer Syndaktylie der
Hände und Füße zum Teil in Kombination mit einer sagittalen Kraniosynostose
(Kraniosynostose Philadelphia Typ) mit der Array-CGH Methode untersucht. Es
konnten überlappende nicht-rekurrente Duplikationen detektiert werden, die am
IHH-Lokus auf Chromosom 2 lokalisiert waren. Der Überlappungsbereich
beinhaltete konservierte Regionen, für die in in vivo -Experimenten eine
regulatorische Funktion gezeigt werden konnte. Diese Elemente induzieren eine
mit dem Ihh-Wildtyp überlappende Expression des Reportergens in den
Extremitäten und an den Schädelnähten. Es konnte erstmalig eine Enhancer-
Region für Ihh ausfindig gemacht werden, die vermutlich die orthologe Region
zu der ZRS-Region darstellt und für eine korrekte Expression von Ihh
verantwortlich ist. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine wichtige Rolle von IHH
während der Schädelentwicklung und erweitern die Bedeutung von IHH auf die
desmale Ossifikation. Das Projekt 3 beschäftigte sich mit Patienten, die den
klinischen Phänotyp der Ektrodaktylie in Kombination mit tibialen Defekten
(SHFLD) aufwiesen. Eine Untersuchung von 17 Familien deckte überlappende
Duplikationen auf dem Chromosom 17p13.3 mit nicht-rekurrenten Bruchpunkten
auf. Der gemeinsame Überlappungsbereich, d.h. die kritische Region,
beinhaltete das Gen BHLHA9, welches bis jetzt in seiner Funktion nicht näher
definiert war. Das Expressionsmuster während der Embryonalentwicklung bei
Mäusen, Hühnchen und Zebrafisch ergab eine extremitätenspezifische Expression
in der Progresszone der Extremitätenknospe. In vivo Analysen dieses Gens im
Modellsystem Zebrafisch zeigten dessen Relevanz während der
Extremitätenentwicklung. Die Stammbaumanalyse der 17 Familien demonstriert
eindrücklich das Vorliegen einer unvollständigen Penetranz und eine stark
ausgeprägte Verschiebung des Geschlechterverhältnisses, eine sogenannte
Geschlechterwendigkeit. Diese Beobachtungen lassen den Schluss zu, dass
zusätzlich zu der Duplikation auf dem Chromosom 17p13.3 ein modifizierender
Faktor benötigt wird. Um diesen Faktor zu identifizieren sind weiterführende
Untersuchungen notwendig. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit belegen, dass
strukturelle Aberrationen für eine Vielzahl von angeborenen Fehlentwicklungen
verantwortlich sind. Sie können, wie im Fall der Spalthand-
Spaltfußfehlbildungen, die Funktionalität eines Gens direkt beeinflussen oder
aber, wenn sie nicht-kodierende Bereiche des Genoms betreffen, durch die
Veränderung von regulatorischen Elementen und der Interaktion zwischen
Regulatoren und dem Zielgen, indirekt auf die Zielgene wirken.Genomic rearrangements lead to genomic diversity between individuals and
species, however, they can also cause developmental defects during the early
embryogenesis. In the last years structural variations (deletions,
duplications, inversions, translocations) have been shown to cause human
developmental defects such as limb malformations. The complex process of
skeletal development in vertebrates needs a multitude of different signaling
molecules, interacting in the right and specific manner. In this context, the
limbs represent a good model to examine cellular interactions and
intercellular communication. Signaling molecules like Fgf8, Shh and Ihh are
very important during this process. They influence the proximal-distal
outgrowth, the anterior-posterior patterning and the process of endochondral
ossification. Changes in the concentration or structure of these signaling
molecules can influence downstream pathways negatively and can cause
malformations of single skeleton elements and the whole extremity. In this
study patients with different congenital limb malformations were analyzed by
high resolution array CGH for genomic aberrations i.e. deletions (losses) and
duplications (gains). In the first project a patient cohort with the clinical
phenotypes of polysyndactyly, syndactyly type IV (SD IV) and the Laurin-
Sandrow syndrome (LSS) were analyzed. Duplications with non recurrent
breakpoints were detected in all affected patients at the SHH locus on
chromosome 7q36.3. These aberrations were encompassing the limb specific
enhancer of SHH (ZRS) which promotes the expression of SHH during early limb
development. It is known that point mutations but also structural aberrations
at the ZRS region lead to limb malformations like polysyndactyly and the
clinical phenotype of a triphalangeal thumb. We could show that a range of
hand anomalies, including the LSS, are associated with microduplications most
likely causing a misexpression of SHH. It was the first time that the genetic
cause of LSS could be identified. The focus of the second project was on
patients with syndactyly of the hands and feet partly in combination with
sagittal craniosynostosis (craniosynostosis type Philadelphia). Non-recurrent
duplications at the IHH locus were identified in all affected patients. The
critical region contained highly conserved non-coding elements which have
regulatory functions in limb as well as skull development as demonstrated by
in vivo experimental approaches. The expression pattern of a reporter gene
showed an overlapping expression pattern with the wildtype Ihh expression in
the limb and skull sutures. It was the first time that an enhancer region for
Ihh was identified which could represents the equivalent to the ZRS-region of
Shh gene. Furthermore our results demonstrate the importance of Ihh not only
during the endochondral ossification, but also in the process of desmal
ossification. In the third project 17 families with ectrodactyly in
combination with tibial defects (SHFLD) were analyzed by array CGH. All of the
affected individuals carried non-recurrent duplications on 17p13.3 which
overlap in a 9,1kb region containing a single gene BHLHA9. The function of
BHLHA9 was so far unknown. RNA in situ hybridization for this gene in mouse,
chicken and zebrafish showed an expression pattern within the progress zone of
the limb bud. In vivo analyses of this gene by Morpholino knock-down in the
model system zebrafish resulted in severe reduction of fin outgrowth, thus,
revealing the functional relevance of Bhlha9 during early fin development.
Based on the pedigrees of the 17 families an incomplete penetrance and a
strong sex bias regarding the clinical phenotype were shown. One can speculate
that in addition to duplications on chromosome 17p13.3 a modifying factor is
needed for expressivity of phenotype. For this approach additional experiments
are required. Based on these results it was further strengthened that genomic
aberrations can cause a number of different congenital malformations. These
aberrations can alter the function of one gene in a direct way (like in our
patient cohort with SHFLD) or can influence the regulatory function of
enhancer elements. Such aberrations are located within conserved noncoding
regions and can influence the right interaction between the enhancer-element
and its target gene
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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