1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mapping changes to consumer-mediated ecosystem function across African savannas
Full text linkThis thesis seeks to clarify how humans are changing ecosystem function in consumer-controlled African savannas. As a framework, it adopts the theory of consumer control (Bond 2005), which argues that vegetation structure in savannas is controlled not only by plants’ ability to fix solar energy, but also by fire and animals’ ability to consume the energy plants fix. The corollary of consumer control is that fire and animals exercise far greater control over function—flows of energy and material—in savannas than in other biomes. As a methodology, this thesis examines two links between land use change and ecosystem function: changes to physical vegetation structure and changes to trophic energy flows from plants through animals. The theory of consumer control suggests that in savannas the first link, vegetation structure, is molded by the second, animal energy consumption. By investigating how global change is altering savannas’ vegetation structure and trophic efficiency, this thesis clarifies how humans are changing ecosystem function and ultimately ecosystems’ ability to support biodiversity and livelihoods. The objective of the first article, entitled “Energy flows reveal declining ecosystem functions by animals across Africa”, was to measure how changes to land use and biodiversity intactness have altered bird and mammal-mediated ecosystem functions across sub-Saharan Africa. Adopting an energetics framework, it found that the total food energy consumption by birds and mammals in sub-Saharan Africa has declined by over one third since ~1700. That decline included a ~75% decrease in functions performed by megafauna. The pattern of decreasing function varied by biome, driven by arboreal birds and primates in forests, terrestrial herbivores in grassy systems, and burrowing mammals in arid systems. Compared to other approaches, the article’s energetics approach highlighted the functional importance of keystone species such as elephants and mole rats, and of smaller animals. The article concluded that approaches relating biodiversity intactness to energy and material flows can help advance efforts to integrate animal-driven functions into biosphere and earth system models, and possibly to identify regional or planetary boundaries for biodiversity. The objective of the second article, entitled “Extensive Woody Encroachment Altering Angolan Miombo Woodlands Despite Cropland Expansion and Frequent Fires”, was to assess how changing land use and fire regimes have altered the vegetation structure of the Angolan miombo woodlands by driving and/or inhibiting woody encroachment. It found that from 2000 to 2020, the woody cover of the Angolan miombo woodlands increased by 8.3%, while open grassy ecosystems declined by 62%. Woody encroachment advanced rapidly even in areas experiencing extraordinarily high burn frequencies, and was concentrated far from the agricultural frontier, in remote areas with low population densities. These results challenge the hypothesis that human-altered fire regimes are the primary driver of woody encroachment in mesic savannas, and instead point to increased CO2 concentrations. The large scale of changes to vegetation structure also indicates that woody encroachment is likely threatening open-ecosystem biodiversity as it transforms savannas’ species composition and ecosystem function, a hypothesis I investigated in my third article. The objective of the third article, entitled “Woody Plant Encroachment Alters Bird Community Composition but not Ecological Function in a Zimbabwean Savanna”, was to quantify how fire suppression and resulting changes to savanna woody cover have altered bird-mediated ecosystem functions in a Zimbabwean savanna. It found that among 70 common savanna bird species, increasing woody cover caused the abundances of 27% of species to decrease and 34% to increase, with losing species distributed evenly across functional lifestyle, diet, and nesting categories. Although increasing woody cover dramatically shifted the bird community’s structure, it did not change the absolute strength of bird-mediated ecosystem functions. These results highlight the risk that woody encroachment homogenizes bird communities across African savannas, threatening the diversity and conservation of open-habitat specialists. The results also suggest, however, that the high functional redundancy of savanna birds may make bird-mediated ecosystem functions resilient to woody encroachment, even as woody encroachment causes an overall decrease in consumer control of the ecosystem. Together, the results of this thesis reveal two major consequences of the change transforming African savannas. First, African savannas are becoming less trophically efficient. As woody plants become more abundant in savannas, they lock up a greater proportion of the ecosystem’s energy, leaving consumers—fire and animals—less able to alter vegetation structure and control ecosystem function. Second, savannas are becoming more homogenous. They are experiencing structural homogenization as woody vegetation encroaches into open areas; functional homogenization as human activity depletes unique megafauna-mediated functions; and taxonomic homogenization as communities of open-ecosystem animals are steadily replaced by closed-ecosystem specialists. Combined, these processes are making African savannas more like ecosystems elsewhere: more closed, more dominated by plants, and more devoid of the big animals that trample and devour vegetation and in doing so transform landscapes
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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