2,147 research outputs found
Intertextual Episodes in Lectures: A Classification from the Perspective of Incidental Learning from Reading
No full textIn a parallel language environment it is important that teaching takes account of both the languages students are expected to work in. Lectures in the mother tongue need to offer access to textbooks in English and encouragement to read. This paper describes a preliminary study for an investigation of the extent to which they actually do so. A corpus of lectures in English for mainly L1 English students (from BASE and MICASE) was examined for the types of reference to reading which occur, classifi ed by their potential usefulness for access and encouragement. Such references were called ‘intertextual episodes’. Seven preliminary categories of intertextual episode were identifi ed. In some disciplines the text is the topic of the lecture rather than a medium for information on the topic, and this category was not pursued further. In the remaining six the text was a medium for information about the topic. Three of them involved management, of texts by the lecturer her/himself, of student writing, or of student reading. The remaining three involved reference to the content of the text either introducing it to students, reporting its content, or, really the most interesting category, relativizing it and thus potentially encouraging critical reading. Straightforward reporting that certain content was in the text at a certain point was the most common type, followed by management of student reading. Relativization was relatively infrequent. The exercise has provided us with categories which can be used for an experimental phase where the effect of different types of reference can be tested, and for observation of the references actually used in L1 lectures in a parallel-language environment
A rod-linear cascade model for emulating rotor-stator interaction noise in turbofans: A numerical study
No full textThis manuscript presents a rod-linear cascade model for emulating rotor-stator interaction noise. The model is intended as a test platform for studying noise mitigation techniques for a turbofan fan stage, while it also extends the classical rod-airfoil configuration by considering a row of blades based on realistic geometrical details. The rod-linear cascade model consists of a rod positioned upstream of a 7-blade linear cascade, such that the rod wake impinges onto the central blade. The rod is scaled to obtain a fundamental shedding frequency equal to the first blade passing frequency of the NASA-Glenn Source Diagnostics Test (SDT)fan stage at approach condition. The cascade blade profile is also based on the OGV of the SDT sampled at 90% of the radial span. Subsequently, numerical simulations are performed using lattice-Boltzmann Method on a computational setup comprised of a contraction and a test section enclosing the rod-linear cascade model. The integral length scales of the rod wake and the mean loading of the central blade have been found to be in good agreement with the trends observed in the SDT fan stage. The primary noise sources are localized at the central blade leading edge, although noise propagation to the far-field is influenced by additional diffraction by the other blades. Furthermore, the acoustic-blade row interaction causes intense pressure fluctuation within the inter-blade channels, including in those that are not directly affected by the rod wake.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Wind Energ
The occurrence and effectiveness of incidental focus on form in meaning-focused ESL lessons
No full textFull text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only.Current approaches to second language instruction have called for an integration of message-focused and form-focused instruction in the L2 classroom. One way this may be accomplished is through incidental focus on form which draws learners' attention to linguistic items as they arise in meaning-focused interaction. While incidental focus on form has been theorised to benefit learners, little empirical research has investigated its actual effectiveness.
This study examined the occurrence and nature of incidental focus on form and its effectiveness in promoting L2 learning. Thirty-two hours of naturally-occurring, meaning-focused L2 lessons were observed in 12 different classes of young adults in a private language school. Classroom interaction yielded 1,373 focus on form episodes (FFEs), occurring when there was a brief shift in attention from message to linguistic form. These FFEs were transcribed and analysed for a variety of general characteristics and discourse moves. A subset of 491 FFEs were used as a basis for individualised test items in which students who participated in specific FFEs were asked to recall the linguistic information provided in them.
The results showed that incidental focus on form did occur in these lessons, although the number of FFEs varied significantly among classes, teachers and students. The FFEs were more frequently code-related and reactive in nature. The response moves usually occurred immediately after the trigger, and generally provided linguistic information with a recast. Uptake occurred in roughly three quarters of the FFEs, and it was generally successful. Additionally, uptake was more likely to occur when the trigger was followed by an immediate elicitation response. Successful uptake was also more likely to occur in FFEs targeting code-related student errors with immediate elicitation responses.
The results of the testing showed that learns were able to recall the targeted linguistic information correctly or partially correctly nearly 60% of the time one day after the FFE, and 50% two weeks later. Furthermore, successful uptake in an FFE was found to be a significant predictor of correct scores. These results suggest that incidental focus on form may be of some benefit to learners, particularly if they are encouraged to incorporate the targeted linguistic items into their own production
Rod Korns
No full textPhoto showing J. Roderic ("Rod") Korns, a historian of western trails and author of "West from Fort Bridger
Understanding migratory flow caused by helicoid wire spacers in rod bundles: An experimental and theoretical study
No full textThe core of a Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) consists of cylindrical fuel rods that are wrapped by a helicoidally-wound wire spacer to enhance mixing and to prevent damage by fretting. It is known that the liquid metal close to the rod is forced to follow the wires, and that liquid metal further away from the rod crosses the wires (called: migratory flow). This work aims at gaining more insight into the physics behind migratory flow and to provide a model for its bending angle. To this purpose, the flow field in a 7-rods, wire-wrapped, hexagonal bundle with water is studied within the Reynolds number range of 4990–16330 by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Refraction of the light is minimized by using Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP), which is a refractive index-matching (RIM) material. These measurements confirm that liquid near the rod follows the helicoid path and bends cross-wise with respect to the wire further away from the rod. A theoretical model for the bending angle of the flow is derived from the Euler equations and shows that the bending is primarily caused by the pressure gradient field induced by the wire. The model shows a very good correspondence with the experimentally obtained PIV data. These findings improve our understanding of the physics at play in rod bundle flows with wrapped wires and can be of assistance in developing practical correlations for frictional pressure losses and heat transfer in such bundles.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.RST/Reactor Physics and Nuclear MaterialsRST/Radiation, Science and Technolog
Interplanetary robots: true stories of space exploration/ Rod Pyle.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.A NASA insider tells the exciting story of robotic space missions to explore the solar system. Exploring the planets has been a goal of America's space program since the dawn of the space race. This insider's perspective examines incredible missions of robotic spacecraft to every corner of our solar system and beyond. Some were flown into glory, while others were planned and relegated to dusty filing cabinets. All were remarkable in their aspirations. Award-winning science writer Rod Pyle profiles both the remarkable spacecraft and the amazing scientists and engineers who made them possible. From the earliest sprints past Venus and Mars to Voyager1's current explorations of the space between the stars, this exciting book sheds new light on ever-more ambitious journeys designed to increase the human reach into the solar system. Drawing on his perspective as a writer for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, ground zero for NASA's planetary exploration, the author further details plans now in development to look for signs of life on Jupiter's moon Europa, submarines that will dive into the hazy hydrocarbon lakes of Saturn's moon Titan, and intelligent spacecraft that will operate for months without human intervention on Mars and in the outer solar system well into the 2030s. Equally compelling are programs of exploration that were considered but never left the drawing board, such as automobile-sized biology laboratories designed for a Mars landing in the 1960s and plans to detonate atomic bombs on the moon. Complemented by many rarely-seen photos and illustrations, these stories of incredible engineering achievements, daring imaginations, and technological genius will fascinate and inspire.1 online resourc
Analysis of Cavity Flow and The Effects of a Rod in Crossflow
No full textSubsonic cavity flow tests of an L/D = 3.5 cavity, with three different diameter rods in crossflow, 1/8 , 3/16 , and 1/4 , were conducted using the High Speed Wind Tunnel in the University of Tennessee Space Institute’s Gas Dynamic Laboratory. The average Mach number flow over the duration of the four phase testing sequence was 0.52, with a unit Reynolds number of 13.8 x 106. With the use of a dynamic pressure transducer and a laser PIV system, Spectral and Flow Visualization data was collected with aim of investigating the effect of the rods in crossflow on cavity flow. However, for reasons beyond the control of this investigation, a converging-diverging supersonic nozzle was used in place of a subsonic nozzle. As a result, the separated, or near separated, flow on the diverging side of the nozzle created a region of low kinetic energy flow approximately 5 mm above the floor of the tunnel test section. Despite the presence of this undesirable feature, the Baseline cavity, without a rod in crossflow, was found to resonate at 1413 Hz and produced an average peak amplitude tone of 148.7 dB SPL. The effect of placing different diameter rods in the crossflow was to reduce the amount, and intensity, of shear layer interactions, by helping to loft the flow over the trailing edge of the cavity. The best results were achieved with a 1/4 diameter rod, which, on average, provided 15.1 dB SPL of acoustic suppression. It was concluded that the suppression observed in this particular experiment was the result of blockage and lofting effects, which helped the shear layer to span the length of the cavity and reduce the intensity of the shear layer interactions at the trailing edge
Corrective force analysis for scoliosis from implant rod deformation
No full textBackground: Scoliosis is a serious disease in which a human spine is abnormally deformed in three dimensions with vertebral rotation. Surgical treatment is attained when the scoliotic spine is corrected into its normal shape by implant rods and screws fixed into the vertebrae. The three-dimensional corrective forces acting at the screws deformed the implant rod during the surgical treatment of scoliosis. The objective of this study was to propose a method to analyze the three-dimensional forces acting at the rod using the changes of implant rod geometry before and after the surgical treatment. Methods: An inverse method based on Finite Element Analysis is proposed. The geometries of implant rod before and after the surgical treatment were measured three dimensionally. The implant rod before the surgical treatment was reconstructed using an elasto-plastic finite element model. The three-dimensional forces were applied iteratively to the rod through the screws such that the rod is deformed the same after the surgical treatment of scoliosis. Findings: The maximum force acting at the screw of each patient ranged from 198 N to 439 N. The magnitude of forces was clinically acceptable. The maximum forces occurred at the lowest fixation level of vertebra of each patient. Interpretation: The three-dimensional forces distribution that deformed the rod can be evaluated using the changes of implant geometry. Although the current clinical cases are still few, this study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the forces that deformed the implant rod after the surgical treatment of scoliosis
Editorial Board and Author Guidelines
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Characterization of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa-associated rhodopsin missense mutations in Xenopus laevis rod photoreceptors
No full textRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease that causes progressive vision loss due to retinal degeneration. RP has at least three associated clinical classes, each with differing disease presentations in patients. One subclass is sector RP, which is less severe than typical RP and has only one or two affected retinal quadrants. Due to the asymmetric phenotype, sector RP is hypothesized to be exacerbated by light exposure. Over a third of autosomal dominant RP (adRP) cases are associated with mutations in rhodopsin (RHO), which encodes the visual pigment in rod photoreceptors. Over 200 mutations have been identified as pathogenic; however, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with most mutations is unknown. Well-studied mutations include P23H RHO, which causes misfolding of RHO and undergoes ER stress-related cell death, and T4K RHO, which is partially glycosylation-deficient and causes a photoactivation-induced toxicity mechanism. These mutations cause the same disease but have contrasting characteristics regarding pathogenic mechanisms, highlighting the potential variability of cellular consequences in RHO-associated adRP. In this thesis, I aimed to characterize uncharacterized RHO mutations and their associated pathogenic mechanisms by generating transgenic Xenopus laevis models of RP. We identified and described a novel RHO mutation associated with sector RP and created an experimental paradigm to characterize mutations in vivo. This was applied to another 26 uncharacterized mutations, where we evaluated RHO localization, retinal degeneration, RHO glycosylation, and effects of photoactivation on retinal degeneration. The majority of the mutations investigated caused retinal degeneration in our models. We further identified that all but two mutations (P23H and S176F) are predominantly trafficked to the rod outer segment. Several sector RP-associated mutations caused light-dependent degeneration, which aligns with published data; however, we identified a group of sector RP mutations that caused light-independent degeneration and abnormal RHO multimerization. Overall, we propose new classifications of RHO mutations based on pathogenic mechanisms described in vivo. We identified a set of sector RP-associated mutations that activate novel pathogenic mechanisms. A variety of mechanisms should be considered when developing and evaluating RHO-associated RP treatment options.Medicine, Faculty ofGraduat
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