1,720,955 research outputs found
Correspondence of Beach User Perception, Lifesaving Strategies and Rip Currents at Brackley Beach and Cavendish Beach Prince Edward Island
Full text linkRip currents are an emerging public health hazard, with the potential to have serious socioeconomic impacts on coastal communities globally. Rip currents, colloquially known as rips, are common along the north shore of Prince Edward Island, and are associated with a transverse bar and rip morphology that tends to develop as the bars migrate landward following winter storms. The rip morphology tends to develop at the height of the economically important tourist season. Several drownings have occurred within and adjacent to Prince Edward Island National Park (PEINP) in recent years, and they have been attributed to rip currents at or near the primary access points to the beach. Whether someone drowns or is in need of rescue depends on a complex interplay between the physical presence of the rip, the management of the specific beach and the perceptions of the beach user. This study is the first to examine the relationship amongst the presence and location of rips, beach user intentions and behaviour, and the lifeguard-defined hazard level. Beach user surveys were administered over a four-week period at the popular tourist beaches of Cavendish Beach and Brackley Beach within PEINP, with an objective to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of beach users with respect to their understanding of the rip hazard, warnings posted by the lifeguards and quasi-permanent rips at the sites. Results suggests that the intention of a beach user to be safe at the beach may not accurately reflect their actions. Many beach users surveyed in this study did not pay attention to beach warnings and appear to be influenced by other factors that confirmed their assumption that the beach was safe. Those who did not observe the sign tended to sit further away from the access point compared to those who saw the signs. Tourists were also found to be at higher risk of needing rescue or drowning caused by rip currents due to their lack of rip knowledge and their inability to recall the location and colour of warning flags and rip signage. Further research into the correspondence of beach user perception, lifesaving strategies and rip currents can help reduce the number of drownings related to rip currents and other surf hazards through the effective deployment of lifesaving strategies and increase public confidence in rip hazard predictions
Rip Currents Within the Canadian Curriculum
No full textViable, Healthy and Safe CommunitiesWith 32 recorded drownings related to rip currents in the Great Lakes in 2017, rip currents are a public health hazard to North American beach users. The purpose of this study is to examine the Canadian curriculum through the Curriculum Documents provided by the Ministry of Education, to observe if and how beach hazards are taught to students 18 and under. This study will also analyze a survey directed to Ontario teachers, about whether they believe there is a need for beach hazards to be incorporated into the curriculum. The primary focus will be the Ontario curriculum, as Ontario citizens are more at risk of drowning in the Great Lakes due to their proximity. Initial evidence from surveys done in 2016 by the University of Windsor suggests that beach users have limited knowledge of rip currents, partially due to the lack of education surrounding beach hazards. Results suggested that the national Canadian curriculum does not incorporate rip current knowledge and many other beach hazards into their lesson plans. However, two programs on water safety are offered to Ontario schools sponsored by the National Lifesaving Society. These program's primary objective is to teach children in grades three and seven how to roll, tread, and swim in deep water. These programs do not incorporate beach hazards in classroom discussions and are not mandatory for students. The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the need for beach hazards to be taught in the classroom to reduce the number of future drownings. Key words: Rip current, Canadian Curriculum, Great Lakes, drowning
Beach User Perceptions of the Rip Current Hazard on the Great Lakes
Full text linkBeach User Perceptions of the Rip Current Hazard on the Great Lakes Summer. With 42 recorded drownings in the Great Lakes this year (2016), rip currents and other surf hazards are a public health issue in both Canada and the United States. Preliminary evidence suggests that the public has limited knowledge of rip currents, and are therefore not making informed decisions, which puts them at risk every time they go to the beach. This study attempts to quantify the vulnerability of potential beach users to be caught in a rip current on the Great Lakes. Specifically, the survey examines how beach users make decisions on the beach including: what beach they visit, what they do at these locations, how they pick a site at the beach, and what influences people to enter the water or not. The survey was administered to both potential beach users as well as lifeguards and lifesavers from Canada and the United States. In order to gain an understanding of people's perception on rip currents, the online survey consists of beach photographs, scenarios, and general knowledge of rip currents. The results of the survey will be used to improve education about rip currents, as well as creating awareness on the beaches of the Great Lakes. The goal is to aid in the development of new management strategies to influence beach user behaviour, in the hopes of reducing the number of drownings and rescues on the Great Lakes. Key Words: Great Lakes, rip current, survey
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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