280 research outputs found
The role of stored fish in England 900-1750AD; the evidence from historical and archaeological data
No full textThis thesis examines the historical and archaeological data for the consumption of herring and the gadid fishes (primarily cod, haddock, whiting, ling and hake) as stored fish cured by salting, drying and smoking. The thesis is divided into three parts, in the first part the historical evidence for developing fisheries, storage methods, marketing and consumption is discussed with an evaluation of the nutritional changes to the fish as a result of storage. In part two factors affecting fish bone preservation and recovery are presented and the authors own recording criteria. A new methodology is introduced using the documented data for portions and rations from monasteries and the forces, showing herring and the gadids by volume of fish eaten compared with the number of bones counted. Distribution of body parts as evidence for stored and fresh fish in the large gadids, hitherto only used to show processing is adapted for application to the data sample which largely represents consumption. In part three the 20 sites comprising the data sample are described. Portion and body part methods are applied to the herring and gadid bones from these assemblages. In the majority of sites herring predominate by number of bones, by portion cod becomes the primary fish in many cases. Evidence for stored codling and hake were found by body part distribution in many assemblages. The results of this study have shown that the archaeological data when expressed as a volume of fish supports the historical evidence for cod as the prime fish among these species, both as fresh and stored. Fish assemblages transcribed into portion from bone numbers present fish as a volume of food and often relegate herring, excessively favoured by bone numbers, into a subsidiary position
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
Portrait of Alison Dolling, author and historian, Adelaide, 1978 [picture] /
No full textTitle devised by cataloguer from accompanying information.; "Dolling, Alison. Writes under Mary Broughton, Hazel de Berg collection. From Adelaide Festival, South Australia"--Compactus card.; Condition: Scratched.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4764650; Conversation with Alison Dolling (Mary Broughton); located at; National Library of Australia Oral History collection ORAL TRC1/1067
Psychometric properties of the GAD-Q-IV and DERS in older community-dwelling GAD patients and nonanxious controls
No full textRecent research suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in late life is common (Flint, 2005) and is associated with severe consequences, such as decreased life satisfaction and increased risk of physical disability (De Beurs et al., 1999). Yet, our understanding of this disorder in late life, including knowledge of efficient assessment tools, lags behind our growing knowledge of GAD in younger adults. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire for DSM-IV (GAD-Q-IV; Newman et al., 2002) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz & Roemer, 2004) in a community-dwelling, older adult population. Thirty-seven adults diagnosed with GAD and 37 controls (all age 60 or older) completed the GAD-Q-IV, DERS, and other measures of anxiety and depression. Both measures were assessed for internal consistency reliability, construct validity (convergent and discriminant), and test-retest reliability, all of which indicated good psychometric performance. Receiver operating characteristic analyses suggested that the optimal cutoff for diagnosing GAD in this sample was 3.71, with .97 sensitivity and .92 specificity. However, including only those participants diagnosed with GAD in addition to another Axis I disorder (e.g., social phobia, dysthymia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; n = 18), revealed a higher optimal cutoff score (4.42; 100% sensitivity and 92% specificity). ROC analyses also revealed an optimal DERS cutoff score of 62.5, which achieved .76 sensitivity and .86 specificity. Findings from the current study support the utility of an emotion regulation deficit model of late-life GAD, and are discussed in relation to age specific characteristics of worry and GAD.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Alison Mary Staple
School of Arts and Communication Post-Graduate Colloquium
No full textMary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818, 1831) has long been regarded as the foundational text of the science fiction genre. In this paper, I argue that this assertion holds a number of significant consequences for the way in which we understand both the novel and its author. Through a close reading of the two primary editions of Frankenstein I will show that by narrativising contemporary science, Shelley created a new space for moralising in an increasingly secular world. More importantly, however, in creating this space Shelley becomes what Michel Foucault terms a 'founder of discourse'. This recognition allows us to assign Mary Shelley a significance not currently recognised in literary criticism and so offers a new lens through which to consider not only Mary Shelley but the function of science fiction as a whole
The manuscript miscellany in early Stuart England : a study of British Library Manuscript Additional 22601 and related texts
No full textPhDThis thesis is an intensive study of a manuscript miscellany dating from the early years
of the reign of James VI and 1: British Library Manuscript Additional 22601. Compiled
by someone who had close links to the court, but who was also likely to have been
associated with the Inns of Court and possibly with the south-west of England, the
miscellany contains verse (including that of King James) and prose in a wide range of
genres, with a particular interest in the political culture of the period. My thesis
provides a description of the manuscript's contents as a whole and then goes on to focus
on texts from three specific genres: the letter, political prose, and poetry. Studying
these individually and in their immediate context, it goes on to trace their appearance in
a number of other contemporary miscellanies held in British and North American
archives.
The two primary contentions of the thesis are (1) that manuscript miscellanies need to
be treated as coherent wholes, whose arrangement to some extent determines the
meaning of the texts they contain and (2) that in the process of transmission from one
manuscript to another texts and their meanings are significantly modified. The act of
transcription is thus also an act of interpretation. Building on work by Peter Beal, Mary
Hobbs, Harold Love, Henry Woudhuysen and others, the thesis aims to expand our
understanding both of the culture of scribal publication and of the ways in which that
culture engaged with the political, religious and literary life of the nation
Dress, Distress and Desire: Clothing and Sentimental Literature.
No full textPhDThis study explores representations of the adorned female body in sentimental
literature. In particular, it addresses the intersection of the discourses of dress, fashion
and sensibility and the political anxieties such intersections expose. These concerns are
located within current critical debate upon the implications of the feminine sentimental
ideal for women readers and writers. Building upon recent scholarship, the introduction
argues that sensibility was predicated upon a concept of the body as an index of feeling.
This argument is subsequently complicated, through a reading of More's `Sensibility'
(1782), which points to the potential of dress to function as both an extension of the
corporeal index and metaphor for sensibility's propensity to lapse into affectation. Dress,
as More implies, not only exposed but embodied the paradox status of sensibility as a
symbol of selfhood externally expressed, and possibly affected mode of display. The
opening chapters explore, in greater depth, the perceived antagonism between dress and
the sentimental body. Chapter One centres on Pamela (1740) and the heroine's
contentious appearance in her homespun gown and petticoat. Chapter Two explores
textual representations of dressmakers and milliners, whose damning association with
fashion ensured that they became personifications of and further justifications for
critiques of dress as a form of social and moral encryption. Subsequent chapters on
ladies' magazines and Fordyce's Sermons to Young Women (1765) discuss how writers,
across various genres, responded to this antagonism by suggesting ways in which the
adorned female body might become a synecdoche of sentimental virtue. Such texts,
however, reveal the fault line upon which they and, by extension, sensibility rest. In
analogising appearance and worth, writers had to uncomfortably acknowledge that, once
outlined in print, such ideals became accessible to readers, potentially rendering virtue as
easy to put on as a gown or petticoat. The final chapter addresses the escalating
synonymy of fashion and sentiment in the 1790s, as critics argued that the distinction
between genuine feeling and its performance had blurred to obscurity. Edgeworth's
Belinda (1801) is read, in this context, as a counter-sentimental novel, which attempts to
divorce the two through the rehabilitation of the woman of fashion as a woman of `true'
sensibility: a wife and mother
Virginity matters: power and ambiguity in the attraction of the Virgin Mary
No full textThis thesis seeks to account for virginity as the source of Mary's power to attract. The point of departure is the syncretistic culture of the classical world. Here, patristic use of Old Testament typology recognises the distinctive work of grace in Mary's virginity, thus allowing it to become the determining quality by which her experience is subsequently perceived and universalised. The thesis divides its exploration into the three categories by which Mary is portrayed in the gospels - woman, spouse, mother - concluding its investigation with the end of the nineteenth century and its new understanding of human identity in gender and sexuality. In each category the thesis attempts to identify ways in which the attraction of virginity has functioned through ambiguity (Mary as virgin and mother, mother and spouse of her son) as a positive quality of potency and freedom, rather than as a strictly biological human condition with negative association in contemporary culture. In order to assess the extent of Mary's attraction in periods that lacked the modern forms of articulating self-awareness, the thesis has considered the fabric of devotional practice in religious texts, art, drama and ritual, seeking to allow the perceptions of earlier periods of history (a medium in itself) to challenge our own. As expressions of attraction to Mary, these media have yielded an insight into the power of virginity as a statement of paradisal, heavenly life accessed by grace through male and female human experience. They have also shown virginity to be a source of power that can be exploited for political ends. Finally, the thesis suggests that the power of Mary's virginity has been subversive and liberating in Church and society, thus indicating its neglected significance as a statement about the ambiguity of our nature as human, gendered, and sexual beings
Children's Book: Scientists Breaking Boundaries
No full textabstract: The Scientist in Me is an original children’s book, authored by Annmarie Barton and illustrated by Alison Lane, that explores the lives and specialties of five remarkable scientists from historically underrepresented backgrounds: Mary Anning, James Pollack, Temple Grandin, Percy Lavon Julian, and Ayah Bdeir. In the book, each scientist has an “Experiment” section that is meant to encourage children to immerse themselves in activities relating to the scientists’ areas of study. We believe that diversity in science is crucial for advancement, and therefore hope to inspire the next generation of scientists through immersion and representation
Tudor women writers fashioning masculinity
No full textThis thesis contributes to the growing interest in early modern masculinity and its literary representations by introducing texts by women writers into dialogue with their male-authored counterparts. It argues for a more nuanced approach that recognises that the concepts of masculinity and femininity can only be fully understood when studied in relation with each other.
The first chapter explores how, notwithstanding the wisdom of conduct books and marriage guides, the demands of the state may not always be commensurate with those of the domestic realm and shows that this conflict necessitates a rethinking of existing definitions of masculinity by focusing on selected writings of the Tudor sisters Mary and Elizabeth and Jane Fitzalan’s *Tragedie of Iphigeneia*. The second chapter identifies how Elizabeth’s unique discursive strategies were designed to elicit support from her male subjects and subdue the belligerence that simmered under polemic like John Stubbs’ *Gaping Gulf*. In her letters to Anjou, the chapter examines how Elizabeth manoeuvred around her position as a beloved and as a monarch to fashion a husband who would not only be sympathetic but also subordinate to her political authority. This chapter also shows how the fabulous world of John Lyly’s *Galatea* consummates the Queen’s desire for the ideal male subject. The final chapter investigates the construction of martial manhood. It juxtaposes Mary Sidney’s *The Tragedy of Antonie* with William Shakespeare’s *Antony and Cleopatra* to determine how the figure of Cleopatra, common to both plays, challenges and revises the martial code of masculinity as embodied by Antony. By examining the authorial position appropriated by Cleopatra in the plays and its impact on the narrative, this chapter also extends this thesis’ interest in the extent to which female characters within texts compete for diegetic control with male protagonists
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