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Strategic Planning and Management for the MICE Sector: A Case Study of the Auckland Region
No full textTourism is a vital part of the economy in New Zealand, and is currently the country’s second biggest export earner (Ministry of Economic Development, 2011). The Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) sector is an important aspect of the tourism industry within the Auckland region, New Zealand’s largest city. This thesis investigates the MICE sector in Auckland, an area that had largely been unexplored in the academic literature. MICE visitors are acknowledged as highly beneficial for destinations. They are commonly viewed as being high yield visitors, with minimal negative environmental and socio-cultural impact (Dwyer, 2002; Lau, Milne, & Johnston, 2005; Weber & Ladkin, 2004). They can also assist in overcoming issues related to seasonality within destinations (Rogers, 2003). Currently the proportion of visitors to the region attending MICE events is quite small at around 2% (Tourism strategy Group - Ministry of Economic Development, 2011a, 2011b).
At the commencement of this research two important documents, the New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2015 and the Auckland Regional Economic Development Plan, both identified further development of the MICE sector in Auckland as being desirable (Auckland Regional Council, 2006b; Tourism Strategy Group, 2003; Zahra, 2011). At that time there was limited information regarding the sector, its structure and composition, the trends and issues that were affecting it, or regarding patterns of MICE visitation. Similarly no strategic forward planning had been conducted for the sector. The body responsible for tourism promotion and destination management at the time, Tourism Auckland, were aware of this lack of information, and during initial consultations with the researcher also expressed a desire to develop a strategy specifically for the MICE sector moving forward. Accordingly the initial goal for this research was to provide Tourism Auckland with a platform of information on which they could base the development of a strategy document.
Over the duration of this research investigation the Auckland region has been through a considerable change in governance structures. Where there had previously been seven city and district councils (Auckland Regional Council, 2007b), along with one regional council, there is now one unitary body, the Auckland Council (Auckland City Council, 2010). With this change in governance structure has been the abolition of Tourism Auckland and the formation of a new council controlled organisation responsible for tourism in the region, Auckland Tourism, Events and Economic Development (ATEED) (Auckland Council, 2011b). While this has certainly impacted on the initial goal of this research to provide Tourism Auckland with a platform on which to base a strategic planning process, it has not negated the value of this research. This research provides a solid case study of the MICE sector in Auckland, and makes a compelling case for why ATEED, should implement a strategic planning process specifically for the MICE sector in the region.
Adopting a pragmatic approach to this thesis, the first steps in this investigation were to determine what the research needed to discover in order to provide the desired platform of information for Tourism Auckland. Therefore the literature review was focussed on three main aspects: 1) the specific context of the MICE sector in the Auckland region; 2) previous studies of the MICE sector in other regions; and 3) concepts of sustainability and strategic planning and how they are applied in a New Zealand context. The result of this was the development of framework for the collection of data from various sources, which could then be used to develop a situational analysis of the MICE sector in Auckland. This framework is detailed in the methodology chapter of this thesis.
This thesis employed a mixed methods approach and data was collected in two phases. A combination of questionnaire surveys and interviews were used in the initial data collection phase. Data were sought from five separate populations (delegates, exhibitors, event organisers, suppliers and venues) representing both the supply and demand sides of the sector, with questionnaires being employed for the demand side and interviews for the supply side. Analysis of interview data was conducted with the aid of three software applications; Catpac, Leximancer and Atlas Ti, while the data analysis for the questionnaires used Statistica. The findings from these analyses were triangulated to conduct an initial situational analysis for the sector. In the second phase of the data collection the Delphi technique was employed, to confirm the factors identified in the initial situational analysis, and to assess levels of and build consensus around these factors. The Delphi panel comprised 13 first phase participants, representing a variety of venues and suppliers from around the region. This Delphi process was successful in achieving consensus on most of the factors previously identified, and therefore allowed for a revised situational analysis to be developed.
Although the Delphi process was successful in achieving consensus in most areas, there was one area where consensus was not achieved and this was in relation to the desired future position of the Auckland MICE sector. This research found that there is in fact, dichotomous views regarding the future of MICE in the region. Discussion of this key finding and its implications forms the first part of the final chapter of this thesis. The following parts of the chapter explore the key findings resulting from the situational analysis. This investigation concluded that the region does have some considerable strengths that can be capitalised upon to increase the number of MICE visitors to the region, these being the chiefly that the region offers a diverse range of natural and built environments, a good selection of venues and supporting suppliers, and that is well connected via the Auckland International Airport and the road network within New Zealand. However, despite these strengths, the region also has some weaknesses that need to be addressed if the sector is to reach its full potential. These weaknesses stem from a lack of overall strategic leadership for the sector, and this has manifested as intense competition between individual businesses in the region, very little collaboration between stakeholders and a lack of a unified and compelling marketing message being used to attract MICE business to the region. Overcoming these weaknesses presents a significant challenge for the region, but by the same token also provide the sector with a significant opportunity to increase the number of MICE events held in the region. Other challenges the sector faces are the result of the geographic distance of Auckland from the large MICE generating markets of Europe and North America, and the global economic climate following the economic crisis of 2008.
In order to overcome these challenges a planned strategic approach will be necessary. The final section of this thesis proposes a framework that ATEED could use to implement strategic planning for the sector. This is then followed by a series of recommendations to ATEED regarding the above mentioned findings, and the importance of them taking a leadership role for the sector and ensuring stakeholder involvement in any strategic planning process. This thesis concludes by stressing the importance of developing a strategic plan for ensuring the Auckland MICE sector achieves its full potential
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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