1,720,954 research outputs found
Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of electrically conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films
No full textAn oxidative chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is presented as an alternative to conventional solution-based processing of poly( 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films. This solventless technique yields PEDOT with higher conductivities and conformally coats fibers and other high area morphologies, important for enhancing efficiencies in some organic electronic devices. The CVD method eliminates corrosive poly(styrenesulfonate) that is used to disperse PEDOT in an aqueous suspension for solution-based processing. A mechanistic approach is presented that favors the deposition of the conjugated, conducting form of PEDOT. We achieved conductivities as high as 105 S/cm and demonstrated films about 100 nm thick that do not crack upon bending and are more than 84% transparent to visible light. The compatibility of oxidative CVD deposition of PEDOT is demonstrated on silicon, glass, plastic, and paper substrates.This research was supported by, or
supported in part by, the U.S. Army through the Institute for
Soldier Nanotechnologies, under Contract DAAD-19-02-D-0002
with the U.S. Army Research Office. The content does not
necessarily reflect the position of the Government, and no
official endorsement should be inferred
Electrochemical investigation of PEDOT films deposited via CVD for electrochromic applications
No full textA patterned solid-state electrochromic device on an ITO-coated plastic substrate was demonstrated that incorporates poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) deposited via a solventless oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) technique. In this paper, we present a thin-film electrochemical and optical analysis of oCVD PEDOT oCVD PEDOT films about 100 nm thick on ITO/glass had optical switching speeds of 0 and 8.5 s, for light-to-dark and dark-to-light transitions, respectively. The color contrast was 45% at 566 nm and is 85% stable over 150 redox cycles. An Anson plot indicates that oCVD PEDOT color transition speeds are limited by ion diffusion rates, rather than electron or hole conductivity. Dimensionless analysis predicts gains of up to in oCVD PEDOT redox switching speeds by reducing the film thickness an order of magnitude to 10 nm. oCVD is a temperature-controlled process capable of conformal conductive polymer depositions onto a range of substrates from the vapor phase. Compatible substrates include plastic, paper and fabric. Non-conductive dispersion additives are not needed with oCVD, eliminating a potential source of defect-causing corrosion. oCVD offers powerful capabilities that may overlap with key challenges for the designers and fabricators of organic thin-film electronics, including OLED lighting and displays, electrochromics, photovoltaics, and semiconductors. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This research was supported by, or supported in part by,
the U.S. Army through the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies,
under Contract DAAD-19-02-D-0002 with the U.S. Army
Research Office. The content does not necessarily reflect the
position of the Government, and no official endorsement should
be inferred
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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