77,055 research outputs found
solo-epd-loader
No full text<p>Data loader (and downloader) for Solar Orbiter/EPD energetic charged particle sensors EPT, HET, and STEP. Supports level 2 and low latency data provided by ESA's Solar Orbiter Archive.</p>
Five new species of Nectophrynoides (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania.
No full textCallulina shengena Loader & Gower & Ngalason & Menegon 2010, SP. NOV.
No full textCALLULINA SHENGENA SP. NOV. <p>(FIGS 1, 3, 5B, 6–8, TABLE 1, 2)</p> <p> <i>Holotype:</i> MTSN 9285, adult (gravid) female, collected at Chome Forest Reserve, South Pare Mountains (04°17′42.907″S, 37°56′18.612″E) by MM on 12 March 2008. This specimen has been sequenced for <i>12S</i> and <i>16 S</i>. Good condition, with midventral incision into coelom, and incision around left and right tympanic region.</p>Published as part of <i>Loader, Simon P., Gower, David J., Ngalason, Wilirk & Menegon, Michele, 2010, Three new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) highlight local endemism and conservation plight of Africa's Eastern Arc forests, pp. 496-514 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (3)</i> on page 502, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00652.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5494130">http://zenodo.org/record/5494130</a>
Trucker and Loader
No full textCaption says, "5-AL-1146. Crops. Trucker and loader placing U. S. No. 1, grade A, potatoes in refrigerator car at Colville and Renfro plant at Altus, Oklahoma. Pyramid loading is being used.
Articulated engineering equipment stability simulations based on Ł34 wheel loader
No full textThis paper presents dynamic stability simulation tests of the Ł34 dynamic loader. The simulations were run according to military standards of United States of America. Tested loader had to overcome two obstacles at a first gear velocity. The first obstacle were pothole, while second one were rut. The current obstacles were crossed by Ł34 loader with two configurations. The first of them were loader in transport configuration, whereas second one were loader with maximum lift height of the bucket. The crossing of the rut was performed only by the loader in transport configuration, whereas passing of the pothole was performed by the loader in both configurations. The two obstacles also were crossed by loader with a nominal load and without it. This paper also defines effects of the modification of loader with more stiffer and more flexible tyres. There were also consider effects of the modification of Ł34 loader with integrated articulation
Callulina hanseni Loader, Gower, Müller & Menegon, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textCallulina hanseni sp. nov. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4; Tables 1, 2, 3. Callulina sp. 2 Menegon et al. (2008) p. 114, appendix 1, and table 3, 4. Holotype. BMNH 2008.130 (Field Tag MW 6960), an adult female, BMNH 2008.17. Collected on the Maskati side of the Nguru South Forest Reserve, Tanzania, 06º 03' 51.1 "S, 37 º 30 ' 33.3 "E, 1790 m (Figure 1 b) by David Gower, Roy Hinde, Simon Loader, Hendrik Müller, Maria Perkins, and Mark Wilkinson on January 19 th 2008. Paratypes. 13 specimens: BMNH 1983.45 collected near Maskati Mission 1900m West side of Nguru Mountains, Mwomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania by Jan Keilland in Sept. 1982. BMNH 2008.127 - 128, 2008.131 - 134, 2008.136 - 138 collected on the Maskati side of the Nguru South Forest Reserve, Mwomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania, 06º 03' 51.1 "S, 37 º 30 ' 33.3 "E, 1790 m by David Gower, Roy Hinde, Simon Loader, Hendrik Müller, Maria Perkins, and Mark Wilkinson between January 19 th– 21 st 2008. MTSN 8138, 8140 and 8192 collected on the Maskati side of the Nguru South Forest Reserve, Mwomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania, 06º 03' 51.1 "S, 37 º 30 ' 33.3 "E, 1790 m by Michele Menegon between October 26 th– 30 th 2004 (see Menegon et al. 2008, Table 1, Nguru Site 1 ‘Maskati’). BMNH 2008.136 and MTSN 8138 and 8140 have been sequenced for partial fragments of 12 S, 16 S, and cytb (see Genetic difference section and Appendix 1). Diagnosis. The new species of Callulina is assigned to the brevicipitid genus based on the following characteristics: Truncated or expanded terminal phalanges (simple in Spelaeophyrne, Probreviceps, Breviceps, and Balebreviceps); single posterior denticulated row in the palate of Callulina (two denticulated rows in Probreviceps, glandular mass in Breviceps). A large, robust Callulina. SUL 20.6– 42.5mm. TL: SUL ratio 36–42 %. Tympanum present, 0.25– 0.60 % of SUL. Tympanum to eye distance 1.2 – 3.0 mm, 0.04–0.07 % of SUL. Fingertips expanded (width of subarticular tubercle> 0.78–0.94 % of the width of fingertips). Dark brown dorsally, and ventrally, with distinctive darker brown colouration on anterior margin of chin against cream colouration. Legs have large continuous glandular ridge on both tibiofibulae and tarsal joints. Callulina hanseni differs from C. laphami and C. shengena in the presence of a tympanum, more granular skin, expanded fingertips, and absence of interocular patterning. Callulina hanseni differs from C. dawida in having expanded fingertips. Callulina hanseni differs from C. stanleyi and C. kisiwamsitu in the presence of large continuous glands on legs. Callulina hanseni differs from C. kreffti in the degree of expansion of fingertips and the presence of large continuous glands on legs (see also Table 2 and Figure 4 for comparative measures). The distinctiveness of C. hanseni from other Callulina species is also supported by its disjunct distribution, and mtDNA sequence data (see Genetic difference). The extent of the expansion of the fingertips is, in general, a useful character to distinguish Callulina species but some specimens of some species fall outside the main range of variation and might question the usefulness of this character. Some specimens of C. kreffti (BMNH 2000 - 189, 2000 - 196, 2005.1508, FMNH 250471) have> 0.75 % width at first subarticular, relative to expansion at fingertip. Also C. stanleyi FMNH 251384 has larger expansion of finger tips ( 0.00096), although relative proportions of limbs are not significantly different (tibia, tarsus, and humerus, student t-test = 0.048); and the position of the tympanum relative to the eye (ttest => 0.046) is significantly different. Colour in life. A brown or dark brown animal with scattered black mottlings (especially in smaller animals) and white tipped warts on flanks, throat and belly. Wide paler dorsolateral bands can be present. Iris is bright orange. See Figure 3. Advertisement call. No calls were recorded for this species. Natural history. The specimen collected by Jan Keiland in 1982 was found inside a rotting log in moist evergreen forest. The new series collected in 2004 (MTSN) and 2008 (BMNH) were mainly collected from branches both below and above head height. This included specimens located low down on small shrubs but also climbing to a great heights (observed and collected ca. 10 m above ground) on branches, tree trunks and bare rock in montane forest (see Figure 9). All specimens were collected in primary montane rainforest. Conservation status. Callulina hanseni has been found only in the Nguru South Forest Reserve at an elevation of 1790m and above (Figure 1 c). This distribution comprises a maximum distributional area of less than 100km 2, qualifying this species as critically endangered (CR B 1 b (iii)) under IUCN criteria. The conservation status will need to be re-evaluated if specimens are discovered below 1790m. Population density is unknown. The distribution pattern is similar to that seen in the recently described species Arthroleptis nguruensis (Poynton et al. 2008), and is indicative of a distinct Nguru upper montane fauna. Other undescribed taxa also appear to be confined to this upper montane belt (e.g. Callulina sp. Hoplophryne sp., and Probreviceps sp.). Etymology. The species name is a patronym for Dr. James Hansen, who has made important scientific contributions towards climate science and as a supporter of the African Rainforest Conservancy trust has contributed towards the conservation of Eastern Arc forests. The specific epithet should be treated as a noun in genitive case.Published as part of Loader, Simon P., Gower, David J., Müller, Hendrik & Menegon, Michele, 2010, Two new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) from the Nguru Mountains, Tanzania, pp. 26-42 in Zootaxa 2694 on pages 28-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19964
First karyological analysis of the endemic malagasy phantom gecko matoatoa brevipes (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
No full textThe genus Matoatoa includes two Malagasy endemic species, M. brevipes and M. spannringi. Due to their cryptic behaviour, the two species are known only from a handful of specimens and have been included in few molecular studies. Here we carried out a molecular barcoding analysis using a fragment of the mitochondrial NADH dehy-drogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and the first chromosomal analysis of M. brevipes. The molecular analysis confirmed the identity of the studied samples as M. brevipes. However, the level of genetic divergence (4% uncorrected p-distance) between our samples and other sequences of M. brevipes, suggests previously unrecognised diversity within the spe-cies. The karyotype of M. brevipes is composed of 2n = 34 chromosomes: the first pair is metacentric, while all the other pairs are telocentric and gradually decreasing in length (Arm Number, AN = 36). C-banding revealed little evidence of centromeric heterochromatin, while NOR-associated heterochromatin was found on the telomeres of a medi-um sized telocentric pair. No heteromorphic chromosome pairs were found in the karyotype of the species, suggesting that putative sex chromosomes are at an early stage of differentiation. Karyological comparisons with closely related species were performed with Christinus marmoratus, and representatives of the genera Phelsuma, Ebenavia, Paroedura and Uroplatus. Comparisons across genera suggest that chromosome diversification in this group of geckos probably occurred by means of chromosome fusions and inversions, leading to a reduction of the chromosome number and the formation of biarmed elements in different species
Callulina meteora Menegon, Gower & Loader, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textCallulina meteora sp. nov. (Figs. 1 –3, 5– 7; Table 1) Callulina sp. 1 Menegon et al. (2008: p. 114, appendix 1, tables 3, 4). Holotype. BMNH 2008.450 (Field tag MW 6825) a mature female (Fig. 1). Collected from the Maskati side of the Nguru South Forest Reserve, Tanzania, 6.069027778 S - 37.50066667 E, 1980 m (Fig. 6) by David Gower, Roy Hinde, Simon Loader, Hendrik Müller, Maria Müller, and Mark Wilkinson in January 2008. Paratypes. MTSN 8129-8134 (MTSN 8134, 39 ova in vitellogenesis; MTSN 8130 cleared and stained), MTSN 8141, collected by Michele Menegon between October 26 and November 0 2, 2004 in the Nguru South Forest Reserve, 6.06630176 S - 37.49802743 E, Nguru Mountains, Morogoro Region. Tanzania. BMNH 2008.118 - 451-452 - 453-454 - 455-456 - 457-458 - 459-460 - 461-462 - 463-464 same collection data as holotype. Diagnosis. The species is assigned to Callulina within Brevicipitidae based on the following morphological features: Moderately sized wedge-shaped lobes on the mentomecklian elements, posteroventrally directed (variably reduced/enlarged in Probreviceps, Balebreviceps, and Breviceps, see Largen & Drewes 1989); cultriform process of the parasphenoid with broad base but narrow alary processes, tapering laterally (cultriform process of the parasphenoids widely variable in breviciptids, Largen & Drewes 1989); nasals almost meet at midline (broadly separated in Breviceps and Balebreviceps); clavicle well-developed and straight though slightly curved anteriorly at the point of contact between coracoid and scapulae (clavicle straight in Breviceps, Probreviceps, Spelaeophryne); omosternum large (rudimentary or small in Breviceps, Probreviceps, moderate in Balebreviceps); tympanum present and usually well-differentiated (absent in Balebreviceps and Probreviceps uluguruensis); double condylar articulation between the urostyle and the sacral vertebrae (fused in Balebreviceps, Breviceps, and Probreviceps); truncated terminal phalanges (simple in Spelaeophyrne, Probreviceps, Breviceps, and Balebreviceps); single posterior denticulated row in the palate of Callulina (two denticulated rows in Probreviceps, glandular mass in Breviceps). Callulina meteora is morphologically distinct from most other species of Callulina (C. kreffti, C. kisiwamsitu, C. dawida, C. kanga, C. laphami and C. stanleyi) in having large glands on the limbs. The new species is distinguished from C. shengena and C. hanseni (also with enlarged limb glands) by the presence of a tympanum (absent in C. shengena) and limb glands that are distinctly differently coloured to the rest of the limbs (no distinctive gland colour in C. hanseni). Description of holotype. Female. Body stout, head short but as wide as body. Snout truncate in lateral view, snout-tip extending slightly beyond upper and lower jaws. Snout tip rounded at edges, flattened not pointed at apex. Canthus rostralis rounded. Dorsal aspect of head covered by small, rounded, irregular-shaped warts. Ventral region with larger, granular like warts on chin and underside. Eyelids smooth with very small irregular shaped warts. Pupil was horizontal before preservation. Tympanum distinct, suboval (not as tall as long), smooth, with granular warts on slightly raised rim around edge of disc. Dorsum of body with small, irregular glandular masses giving warty appearance. Ventral surface with larger irregular shaped glandular masses, slightly larger and more granular on flanks. Forelimb slender. Massive continuous glands covering dorsal and ventral aspects of forearm. Surface of massive arm gland with smaller, irregular, slightly smoother bumps. Webbing almost absent on hand, only marginal rudimentary skin joining each finger. Distal phalanges moderately long, thick, truncate, expanded only slightly, rounded at edges. Inner tubercle smaller than outer tubercle, separated by a mid-palmar tubercle. First finger shortest, followed by second, fourth, third. Tubercles darker than silvery/metallic background of hand. Hind limbs stout, tibia, metatarsus and carpal area of tarsus covered by an enlarged glandular mass. Distal phalanges of feet moderately long, thick, truncate, expanded only slightly, rounded at edges. First toe marginally the shortest, followed by second, third, fifth, fourth. On toes and fingers, terminal phalanx darker, with a fold of skin, marked by a white line at the dorsal junction between the penultimate and ultimate phalanges. Webbing almost absent on foot, only marginal rudimentary skin joining each toe. Inner and outer tubercle in contact, equal in size. Vent ventro-posteriorly positioned. Measurement of holotype. SUL = 38.2; TL = 13.5; ED = 4.2; TD = 2.0; ETD = 2.2; ND = 2.5; NED = 2.8; JW = 13.8; LF 3 = 4.4; LT 4 = 5.7, TSL = 11; HL = 12.1; NLD = 1.7; WDF 3 = 1.3; WDTF 3 = 1.2; IOD = 6.1. Colour. In preservative, the holotype dorsal ground colour is pale grey/brown, with darker brown patterning as irregular lateral dorsal markings. The flanks are a paler grey/brown. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the thighs are dark brown, contrasting strongly with the silvery/metallic colouration of the glands. The ventral surface of the body is cream, with a dark brown colouration on the lateral edges. In life, the holotype has the same patterning as in preservative but with more vivid colours. The massive glands on the limbs are silvery, giving a striking metallic sheen to the surface (see Fig. 2). Variation. The tympanum is usually distinct in Callulina meteora, but in some paratypes (BMNH 2008.464, BMNH 2008.453 - 455, BMNH 2008.461, BMNH 2008.451) it is poorly demarcated and was measured by dissecting the skin around the region. Otherwise there is little notable (non-colour) morphological variation among individuals apart from between the sexes. Males are significantly smaller in body length (T-test: <0.05, females, SUL= 34.8–40.6 mm, x= 41.55 mm, number= 8; males, 26.5–35.4 mm, x= 30.1 mm, number= 9), and head width (T-test: <0.05). All other morphological characters analysed are not significantly different between the sexes. Colour variation. Callulina meteora individuals show wide colour variability with some rather constant patterns. In all examined individuals, the massive limb glands are paler than surrounding areas, often whitish or silvery with, as in the rest of the body, a metallic sheen (see Fig. 2). The body can be almost completely white or coppery brown, with darker areas on the dorsum, inguinal, axillary and tympanic zones and on limbs. In some specimens (e.g., MTSN 8129), darker areas on the dorsum are extensive and almost black. The entire animal has a metallic sheen that persists after preservation. Eye colour in life is bright yellow to orange. Call. Advertisement calls of two males Callulina meteora were recorded at the collecting site by M.M. between October 26 and November 2 2004 both during the day and the night. Calling males were seen at the base of trees. The call is composed of a single periodic pulse train, introductory notes, and repeated notes. These three elements are sometimes arranged in different ways: a single periodic pulse train could be heard with or without introductory notes. Full calls in rainy weather were heard to comprise three or four modules of introductory notes followed by a single pulse train and a final introductory note followed by a group of similar pulse trains. The presence of the introductory note was previously known for the recently described C. kanga only (Loader et al., 2010 b). The last call element of C. meteora considered alone shows temporal properties similar to the call of the other Callulina species. The single periodic pulse train is composed of six pulses and has a length ranging from 0.067 to 0.078 sec, but the temporal properties of repeated note remains the same. The introductory notes usually rising in intensity are composed of 16 to 21 pulses and have a length ranging from 0.203 to 0.238 sec. All sound emissions have an average intensity maximum around 1.6 kHz (see Fig. 3). Habitat and natural history. Callulina meteora is partly sympatric with C. hanseni (Loader et al., 2010 b) and seems to be restricted to the montane and upper montane forest of the Nguru South Forest Reserve (Menegon et al., 2008). All specimens were collected between 1950–2100 m asl but calls were heard up to 2200 m. This distribution is similar to that reported for Arthroleptis nguruensis (Poynton et al., 2009). Some specimens were found during the day by digging in soft soil and leaf litter accumulating at the base of large trees. This microhabitat together with the presence of strongly keratinized and well-raised metatarsal tubercles is suggestive of semifossoriality. On the basis of the presence of large eggs found in the oviduct of a dissected female, we presume that the species is oviparous with direct development. Although no direct evidence is known for the genus Callulina, oviparity with direct development is regarded as the most likely reproductive mode for this genus of breviciptids (Müller et al., 2007). Conservation status. Based on current knowledge of the species’ distribution and habitat preference, the estimated extent of occurrence of Callulina meteora is equal to or less than 42 km 2, and the estimated area of occupancy not larger than 26 km 2; these are respectively the area including the elevational distribution (1980–2100 m) of this species in the Nguru South Forest Reserve and the area included in the polygon obtained by linking the localities where the presence of the species was recorded (Fig. 6). Therefore, according to Red List (IUCN 2009) categories based on the criterion of an extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 100 km 2, the presence of one population at only a single location, compounded with an observed decline in area, extent and quality of the habitat (IUCN, 2010), we suggest that C. meteora qualifies as critically endangered or, more technically, CR B 1 b (iii). The proposed conservation status would need to be re-evaluated if specimens are recovered below 1980 m, but herpetological surveys examining species turnover between 800–2200 m have been conducted in the area over the past seven years (S.P.L. and M.M. unpublished data; Owen et al., 2008) and C. meteora has never been recovered below 1980 m. Currently the population density appears to be locally high but with increasing pressure due to land-use changes in the region (pers. obs.), and predicted climate-mediated changes that could affect the high montane zone, the species is clearly facing threats. Etymology. The specific epithet is used as an adjective and derives from the greek word meteoron, meaning "thing high up," in reference to the type locality of the species, situated close to the top of the Nguru Mountains. Molecular analyses. To examine the distinctiveness of and relationships among Callulina species, we analysed sequence data for 12 S, 16 S, and cytb mt genes for all nine nominal species, including C. meteora. The dataset comprised 24 individuals and 1124 unambiguously aligned characters, of which 707 were constant, 140 variable and uninformative, and 277 informative under parsimony. Breviceps mossambicus was used to root trees and Probreviceps m. macrodactylus and Spelaeophryne methneri were used as additional outgroups (see Loader et al. 2010 a). Parsimony analysis yielded two most parsimonious (MP) trees of 915 steps (Fig. 5 b). These topologies differ from the optimal likelihood tree (Fig. 5 a). The two MP trees differ in the position of C. shengena and C. kanga. In one MP tree, C. shengena is sister to C. laphami, and in the other it is sister to all other (except C. laphami) Callulina species. Callulina kanga is recovered as sister to a clade comprising a Nguru radiation (C. meteora, C. hanseni), C. dawida, C. stanleyi and C. kisiwamsitu in the former MP tree. In the second, C. kanga is sister to C. kreffti. Neither of the alternative topologies is well supported. Most analyses supported the monophyly of Callulina (best trees with a non-monophyletic Callulina are significantly suboptimal in Templeton but not likelihood topology tests). All nominal species are robustly monophyletic (Fig. 5). Likelihood analysis recovered a tree similar to that presented by Loader et al. (2010 a: fig. 8 b) differing only in the position of C. shengena. In Loader et al. (2010 a) C. shengena was sister to all other Callulina species (but not well supported) whereas here C. shengena is sister to C. laphami, also only very weakly supported. The new species, C. meteora, forms a clade with C. hanseni in all analyses. Pairwise distances values highlight the genetic distinctiveness of all named Callulina species (as previously shown in Loader et al., 2010 b), including the new species C. meteora (3.8 –4.0 % different to its sister group C. hanseni). Despite the genetic distinctiveness of the nominal species, the phylogenetic signal in the available mt sequence data is insufficient to provide a compelling resolution of their interrelationships using the methods employed here.Published as part of Menegon, Michele, Gower, David J. & Loader, Simon P., 2011, A remarkable new species of Callulina (Amphibia: Anura: Brevicipitidae) with massive, boldly coloured limb glands, pp. 15-26 in Zootaxa 3095 on pages 16-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20244
FIGURE 4 in Designation and description of a neotype of Sclerophrys maculata (Hallowell, 1854), and reinstatement of S. pusilla (Mertens, 1937) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)
No full textFIGURE 4. Ten-second windows of spectrogram and oscillogram of an Sclerophrys pusilla (above; South Africa, from audio CD in Du Preez & Carruthers, 2009) and S. maculata (below, Ivory Coast, from audio CD in Rödel, 2000). Inserts show magnification of a single pulsed note.Published as part of Poynton, John C., Loader, Simon P., Conradie, Werner, Rödel, Mark-Oliver & Liedtke, H. Christoph, 2016, Designation and description of a neotype of Sclerophrys maculata (Hallowell, 1854), and reinstatement of S. pusilla (Mertens, 1937) (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), pp. 73-94 in Zootaxa 4098 (1) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/27111
Diseño de un tutor de aprendizaje sobre la herramienta SQL Loader de ORACLE 11G
No full textEste trabajo tiene como propósito el diseño de un tutor virtual, como herramienta de apoyo para el aprendizaje sobre Sql * Loader, herramienta de Oracle.
El diseño del tutor, objeto de esta monografía, ha sido elaborado con los estándares y las directrices propias de las herramientas de autor como Cuadernia, enfocado a la temática de Sql * Loader, vista en el transcurso del diplomado Oracle de la Universidad Libre
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