12 research outputs found
'Just can't hide it': A behavioral and lesion study on emotional response modulation after right prefrontal damage
No full textIntroduction: Historically, emotion regulation problems have been reported as a common consequence of right prefrontal cortex (rPFC) damage. It has been proposed that the rPFC, particularly the rIFG, has a key role inhibiting prepotent reflexive actions, thus contributing to emotion regulation and self-regulation. This study is the first to directly explore this hypothesis, by testing whether damage to the rIFG compromises the voluntary modulation of emotional responses, and whether performance on inhibition tasks is associated with emotion regulation. Method: 10 individuals with unilateral right prefrontal damage and 15 matched healthy controls were compared on a well-known response modulation task. During the task participants had to amplify and suppress their facial emotional expressions, while watching film clips eliciting amusement. Measures of executive control, emotion regulation strategies usage and symptomatology were also collected. Results: As a group, individuals with rPFC damage presented a significantly reduced range of response modulation compared with controls. In addition, performance in the suppression task was associated with measures of cognitive inhibition and suppression usage. Interestingly, these effects were driven primarily by a subgroup of individuals with rPFC damage, all of whom also had damage to the right posterior insula, and who presented a marked impairment in suppressing facial emotional expressions © The Author (2016). Published by Oxford University Press.Universidad Autónoma de Chil
ODIN: High Clustering Strength of Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon
No full textIndexación: Scopus.The One-hundred-deg2 DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey is carrying out a systematic search for protoclusters during Cosmic Noon, using Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) as tracers. Once completed, ODIN aims to identify hundreds of protoclusters at redshifts of 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5 across seven extragalactic fields, covering a total area of up to 91 deg2. In this work, we report the high clustering strength of the ODIN protoclusters, determined via measurements of their cross-correlation with LAEs. Our sample consists of 150 protocluster candidates at z = 2.4 and 3.1, identified in two ODIN fields with a total area of 13.9 deg2. At z = 2.4 and 3.1, the inferred protocluster biases are 6 . 6 − 1.1 + 1.3 and 6 . 1 − 1.1 + 1.3 , corresponding to mean halo masses of log 〈 M / M ⊙ 〉 = 13.5 3 − 0.24 + 0.21 and 12.9 6 − 0.33 + 0.28 , respectively. By the present day, these protoclusters are expected to evolve into virialized galaxy clusters with a mean mass of ∼1014.5 M⊙. By comparing the observed number density of protoclusters to that of halos with the same measured clustering strength, we find that the completeness of our sample is of order unity. Finally, the similar descendant masses derived for our samples at z = 2.4 and 3.1, assuming that the halo number density remains constant, suggest that they represent similar structures observed at different cosmic epochs. As a consequence, any observed differences between the two samples can be understood as redshift evolution. The ODIN protocluster samples will thus provide valuable insights into the cosmic evolution of cluster galaxies. © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adb624Funding text 1
V.R. and K.S.L. thank Stacey Alberts for providing the compilation of cluster data presented in Figure 5. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-2206705, AST-2408359, and AST-2206222 and from the Ross-Lynn Purdue Research Foundations. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE-2233066 to N.F. J.L. is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1C1C2011626). H.S. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT; No. 2022R1A4A3031306). The Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos is supported by the Eberly College of Science and the Office of the Senior Vice President for Research at the Pennsylvania State University. This work is based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (Prop. ID 2020B-0201; PI: K.-S. Lee), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.Funding text 2
V.R. and K.S.L. thank Stacey Alberts for providing the compilation of cluster data presented in Figure . The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-2206705, AST-2408359, and AST-2206222 and from the Ross-Lynn Purdue Research Foundations. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE-2233066 to N.F. J.L. is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1C1C2011626). H.S. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT; No. 2022R1A4A3031306). The Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos is supported by the Eberly College of Science and the Office of the Senior Vice President for Research at the Pennsylvania State University. This work is based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (Prop. ID 2020B-0201; PI: K.-S. Lee), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.Funding text 2
V.R. and K.S.L. thank Stacey Alberts for providing the compilation of cluster data presented in Figure . The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-2206705, AST-2408359, and AST-2206222 and from the Ross-Lynn Purdue Research Foundations. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant No. DGE-2233066 to N.F. J.L. is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1C1C2011626). H.S. acknowledges the support of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT; No. 2022R1A4A3031306). The Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos is supported by the Eberly College of Science and the Office of the Senior Vice President for Research at the Pennsylvania State University. This work is based on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF\u2019s NOIRLab (Prop. ID 2020B-0201; PI: K.-S. Lee), which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.S
Circulating plasma beta-globin gene concentrations as a marker of stroke severity in the emergency room [Abstract]
No full textUnlike patients with acute coronary syndrome, currentlythere is no simple, accurate blood test that may be used todetermine the severity of stroke or predict mortality andmorbidity in patients presenting to emergency departments.Patients with stroke-like symptoms who presented to anemergency department of a university hospital in HongKong were included in the study. DNA extracted from pa-tients’ plasma was analyzed for the -globin gene with afluorescent-based polymerase chain reaction test. The pri-mary outcome measures were in-hospital and 6-monthmortality and morbidity using the Modified Post-RankinScore. Among the 88 consecutive patients recruited tothe study, 70 (80%) had ischemic stroke, 11 (13%) hadintracerebral hemorrhage, and 7 (8%) had transient isch-emic attacks. Median plasma DNA levels were higher inpatients who died compared with those who survived atdischarge (2,126 vs 1,008 kilogenome-equivalents/L; p ⫽0.0016) and at 6 months (1,979 vs 1,004 kilogenome-equivalents/L; p ⫽ 0.0003). Plasma DNA levels correlatedwith volume of cerebral hematoma (r ⫽ 0.664; p ⫽0.0276). Plasma DNA concentration of greater than 1,400kilogenome-equivalents per liter yielded a sensitivity of100% and a specificity of 74.4% for predicting hospitalmortality after stroke, and the area under the receiver op-erator characteristic curve was 0.888 (95% confidence in-terval, 0.803– 0.945). Plasma DNA level was an indepen-dent risk factor of predicting poor outcome after 6 months.We conclude that plasma DNA levels correlate with strokeseverity and may be used to predict mortality and morbid-ity in emergency rooms.abstrac
Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown
No full textThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health but is also having severe impacts on mental health. Although increases in stress-related symptomatology and other adverse psycho-social outcomes, as well as their most important risk factors have been described, hardly anything is known about potential protective factors. Resilience refers to the maintenance of mental health despite adversity. To gain mechanistic insights about the relationship between described psycho-social resilience factors and resilience specifically in the current crisis, we assessed resilience factors, exposure to Corona crisis-specific and general stressors, as well as internalizing symptoms in a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 24 languages during the most intense phase of the lockdown in Europe (22 March to 19 April) in a convenience sample of N = 15,970 adults. Resilience, as an outcome, was conceptualized as good mental health despite stressor exposure and measured as the inverse residual between actual and predicted symptom total score. Preregistered hypotheses (osf.io/r6btn) were tested with multiple regression models and mediation analyses. Results confirmed our primary hypothesis that positive appraisal style (PAS) is positively associated with resilience (p < 0.0001). The resilience factor PAS also partly mediated the positive association between perceived social support and resilience, and its association with resilience was in turn partly mediated by the ability to easily recover from stress (both p < 0.0001). In comparison with other resilience factors, good stress response recovery and positive appraisal specifically of the consequences of the Corona crisis were the strongest factors. Preregistered exploratory subgroup analyses (osf.io/thka9) showed that all tested resilience factors generalize across major socio-demographic categories. This research identifies modifiable protective factors that can be targeted by public mental health efforts in this and in future pandemics. © 2021, The Author(s)
Metabolic consequences of neuronal mitochondrial fission ablation
Full text linkDynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the main mammalian mediator of mitochondrial fission, has an especially important role in neuronal development, such that its deletion gives rise to pre- or perinatal lethality. However, less is known about the need for Drp1 in adult neurons; this is relevant because inhibition of Drp1 could prevent pre-apoptotic mitochondrial fragmentation, and therefore be neuroprotective.
In our mouse model, inducible Drp1 ablation in the forebrain of adult mice leads to swollen, perinuclearly aggregated mitochondria and to impaired synaptic transmission. Of note, ablated mice also develop a complex and ultimately lethal catabolic phenotype, marked by weight loss, increased lipolysis and elevated corticosterone. We traced this back to the activation of the integrated stress response in Drp1-ablated brain regions, culminating in the ectopic induction of metabolic cytokine Fgf21. Fgf21 is normally produced in liver, fat and muscle tissue in response to fasting or exercise, and no reports exist of it being produced in the brain. This “mitokine” increases insulin sensitivity and stimulates corticosterone production via receptors in the hypothalamus, thus explaining essential aspects of the catabolic phenotype.
This work has implications not only for mitochondrial biology but also for the understanding of the central regulation of systemic metabolism
Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry
Full text linkBackground and purpose: Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Results: The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19). Conclusions: Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.
