1,711 research outputs found
Potential use of mites as biological control agents of Insect and mite pests
No full textThe important reason why mites have not figured more prominently in biological control- compared with the parasitic and predatory insects is because they are generally much less known, especially biologically, and much less effort has therefore been devoted to their utilization. Yet the taxonomy of many relevant acarine groups is still at the alpha stage, and basic biological information is lacking about many of them. Many potential acarine natural enemies still await discovery. High-quality taxonomic and biological studies of acarine groups containing potential biological control agents should definitely be encouraged and enhanced. Up to now, a lot of parasitic and predatory mites were recorded. The most important families are Erythraeidae, Podapolipidae, Trombidiidae, Hemisarcoptidae, Cheyletidae, Arrenuridae, Hydryphantidae, Li mnesi idae, Macrochel idae, Phytoseiidae, Bdell idae, and Pyemotidae
Biological control of agricultural pests - a review and prospection
No full text本文僅就搜集所得有關我國及世界各國從事生物防治之成就報告，依綿蚧、粉蚧、蚧蟲、粉蝨、葉蟬和木蝨、蚜蟲、薊馬、樁象、鱗翅類、鞘翅類、雙翅類、膜翅類及葉蟎等十三類分別簡敘其生物防治成果。另就臺灣和各主要國家之農作害蟲生物防治成果再予重點式列舉，特別對中國大陸之生物防治工作有較詳實的介紹，並列舉說明生物防治之投資和獲利之比值。最後以作者之意見，提出臺灣將來可以從事生物防治之作物、對象害蟲及可引進之天敵種類，供讀者參考指正。
This paper described and reviewed past and recent progress made in the more than one century in the biological control of the crop pests in the world, including biological control of different insect pest groups, biological control in different countries, the costs and accruing benefits from some countries for biological control projects, and selection of crops, target pests and their natural enemies that should be introduced for biological control in the future
(14(3):60-66)STUDIES ON THE NATURAL ENEMIES OF CITRUS RED MITE (ACARINA)
No full text有關柑桔紅蜘蛛（Panonychus citri）昆蟲方面之天敵，據中華農學會第48期，筆者之研究報告中，其天敵有小黑瓢蟲Stethorus sp.，小黑隱翅蟲Oligota sp.，草蜻蛉Chrysopa sp.，六點薊馬Scolothrips sexmaculatus及黑薊馬Leptothrips sp. 等五種，然有關柑桔紅蜘蛛在蜘蛛類中之天敵並未提及，故筆者在此再加繼續調查與研究。至目前為止，在柑桔植物上共發現捕食柑桔紅蜘蛛之蜘蛛類天敵也有五種。
According to the present survey, 5 species of predacious mites of citrus red mite have been recorded, namely Typhlodromus finlandicus, Typhlodromus sp. a, Typhlodromus sp. b, Anystis sp., and Pronematus sp. Among them. Typhlodromus finlandicus and Typhlodromus sp. a, were the most active and efficient as the main predators of the citrus red mites. Typhlodromus sp. b Preyed upon the white flies rather than the citrus red mites. Anystis sp. was the largest predator of the citrus red mite, but its population was very small, so that its economic importance may be not considered. Pronematus sp. was a fairly small mite which preyed upon the eggs of the citrus red mites, the efficiency of citrus red mite control was considered fairly well
(14(4):47-49)THE NEW CITRUS PEST IN TAIWAN—TEXAS CITRUS MITE (EUTETRANYCHUS BANKSI (MCGREGOR))
No full text有關臺灣為害柑橘枝葉之蜘蛛類中，柑橘紅蜘蛛（Panonychus citri（McGregor )）及柑橘黃蜘蛛 Eutetranychus sexmaculatos ( Riley )）近年來已有甚多之研究報告，尤對柑橘紅蜘蛛之藥劑防治及天敵調查已有了相當詳盡之記載，而柑橘褐蜘蛛（Eutetranychus bankei ( McGresor ) ) 在臺灣之發現尚屬首次，雖其目前所造成之災害並不嚴重，但仍有提早研究防範之必要。
Texas citrus mite Eutetraychus bcnksi (McGregor) was first found in Taiwan 1964, regarded as the pest of citrus. Its life cycle was 18-26 days in November. It may be identified by a tan to green body coloration marked on the back with several pairs of dark green to black spots. The body hairs of this species are short. Eggs are flattened and disc-like with a yellow, brown or pink coloration. Young mites are like the adults except for size. Newlyhatched mites are six-legged and lemon- yellow in color.
Infestations of and injury to citrus by this mite are however, twigs have not been found to be infested.
Heaviest infestation of this mite has been found to occur in fall, winter and early spring
Exchange Rate and International Outsourcing: Would Chinese RMB Appreciate Against U.S. Dollar With Outsourcing?
No full textStudies on the Life History and Predation of Lasioseius and Its Tolerance to Some Pesticides
No full text在20、25、30及35℃定溫下，分別以稻細蟎(Steneotarsonernus spinki)及菌食性細蟎(Tarsonenius sp.)之卵飼育稻細蟎之捕食性天敵氈蟎(Lasioseius youcefi)，比較觀察其生活史，捕食量。35℃時氈蟎不能存活，30℃時氈蟎發育鼓快捕食量最多。氈蟎飼以菌食性細蟎卵較飼以稻細蟎卵者發育較快，捕食量較高，繁殖較好。僅以稻蟎卵為食物飼育氈蟎，可能影響其生殖能力。
測試8種殺蟲劑對氈蟎之毒陸，以Hokbal 40% E.C., MIPC 20% E.C.及Fenitrothion 50% E.C.較安全，兼顧封另一種主要天敵扁捕植蟎之毒性，則僅Hokbal 40% E. C.對二者均安全。建議使用Hokbal 40% E.C.防治稻蝨類以保存稻細蟎之主要捕食性天敵蟎。
Lasioseius youcefi (Ascidae), a natural enemy of Steneotarsonemus spinki, was reared at 20, 25, 30 and 35℃ on the eggs of S. spinki and Tarsonemas sp. The life history and food intake were observed. L. youcefi could not survive at 35℃. The development period was shortest and the food intake was highest at 30℃. Shorter developmental period, higher food intake and better propagation were observed on the ascid mites fed with the eggs of Tarsonemus sp. than with the eggs of S. spinki.
Eight commonly used rice pesticides were tested by the leaf-dip residue method in order to determine their toxicity to the ascid mites. Hokbal 40% E. C., MIPC 20% E. C. and Fenitrothion 50% E. C. were found to be less harmful to ascid mites. 1-lowever, Hokbal 40% E. C. is the only pesticide recommended to control rice hopper pests as a selective pesticide, in view of its toxicity to Amblyseius taiwanicus, another important predator of S. spinki
(40(4):433-438)Effects of two preys on the development stage, mortality, and fecundity of Tillus notatus Klug (Coleoptera : Cleridae)
No full text斑郭公蟲（Tillus notatus Ktug）為積穀害蟲之捕食性天敵。在其捕食物中，玉米象與煙甲蟲是大量緊殖斑郭公蟲最具潛能之兩種食餌。本實驗分別以此兩種食餌比較對斑郭公蟲發育期、死亡率及繁殖力之影響。在30±2°C下，斑郭公蟲幼蟲期之發育與死亡率，受兩食餌之影響差異並不顯著。但於成蟲期時，其成蟲壽命以玉米象蛹飼育者為煙甲蟲蛹飼育者3倍，產卵期為4.8倍，產卵量為6倍。兩食餌比較，玉米象蛹為其較佳食餌。以玉米象蛹飼育之斑郭公蟲，其各蟲期分別為：卵期9.9±0.3天；幼蟲期54.5±13.4天；蛹期14±2.2，成蟲期32.2±17.3天（雌雄平均）；產卵期24.1±12.5天；每雌蟲平均產卵462±377個，雌蟲一生最高產卵達2273個卵。在捕食物充沛下，斑郭公蟲幼蟲期對玉米象蛹之總捕食量為155±43個，以四齡幼蟲捕食力最強，平均每天取食7.8±2.5個蛹。成蟲期平均每天取食8.1±3.11個蛹。以玉米象大量繁殖斑郭公蟲在積穀害蟲防治上，具有應用之潛力。Tillus notatus Klug is an important predator of the stored product insects. Development stage, mortality, and fecundity of T. notatus were compared when using two potential stored product insects, maize weevil and cigarette beetle as prey. Under 30±2°C, the larval development and mortality of T. notatus is similar after feeding on pupae of maize weevil and cigarette beetle. The adult longevity of T. notatus fed on maize weevil is 3 times than that of fed on cigarette beetle, while oviposition period is 4.8 times, and fecundity is 6 times more than those of the latter. The pupa of maize weevil was the better prey for T. notatus in our experiment. The use of maize weevil as prey, the life history of T. notatus was as following : egg 9.9± 0.3 days, larva 54.5± 13.4 days, pupa 14 ±2.2 days, mean of male and female adult 32.2±17.3 days, oviposition period 24.1±12.5 days. Female could deposit up to 2273 eggs during her life with 462 ±377 eggs in average. Totally 155±43 pupae of maize weevil were consumed during the larval stage of T. notatus, and the fourth instar fed the most with 7.8±2.5 pupae per day in average. The mean number of pupae preyed by adult is 8.1±3.11 papae per day. T. notatus may have high potential for the control of the stored product insects
Evaluation of control methods for insect pests of rice in small packages
No full text為解決小包裝米受積穀害蟲嚴重為害問題，本試驗實際進入米商的碾米廠進行取樣及試驗，發現米象（Sitophilus oiyzae (L.)）已逐漸成為稻穀中積穀害蟲的優勢種，族群密度遠高於以往在農會委託倉庫中之調查結果，且可能是小包裝米中主要害蟲來源。在銷售階段，於室溫環境儲藏三個月後，小包裝糙米每公斤內發生米象活蟲數高達126隻。於溫控超市內，小包裝米袋內溫度約較室溫環境低3℃ ，但蟲數卻明顯下降，儲藏三個月後僅159隻，兩者相差79倍。防治上再配合無毒物質矽藻土的使用，將矽藻土與糙米以1:200的比例混拌，在溫控的超市中儲藏三個月後每公斤糙米內活蟲數更降低至8隻。運用溫控且添加矽藻土於白米中，可將米象蟲數從每公斤中143隻降低至2隻。銷售環境溫度的降低，不只降低蟲數，更延緩害蟲發生，如配合添加矽藻土可使防蟲效果更顯著。未來結合溫控與混拌矽藻土的綜合防治，將可實際解決小包裝米嚴重的蟲害問題。
In order to solve problems caused by stored-product insects affecting commercial rice in small packages, rice in storehouses at mill factories was sampled and was subjected to a series of tests in this experiment. It was found that Sitophilus oiyzae was the dominant pest among stored-product insects during rough rice storage in these mill factories. S. oiyzae population densities in this study were much higher than any that had been previously reported from Farmer’s Association bins in earlier studies. These large populations might be the major source of S. oiyzae found in small packages of commercial rice. Among packages on store shelves, an average of 126 live S. oiyzae could be found in a 1-kg package of rice after storage for 3 months at room temperature (RT). However, in air-conditioned environments, about 3 t lower than RT, only 15.9 S. oiyzae could be found, an almost 8-fold decrease. With the addition of diatomite (w w, 1 200) in small packages of brown rice in air-conditioned supermarkets, S. oiyzae could be suppressed to only 8 bugs/kg of rice. In the case of milled rice under the same conditions (combining air-conditioning with the application of diatomite), the number of S. oiyzae could be reduced from 143 to 2 bugs/kg of rice. These results show that lower temperatures can dramatically reduce the number of S. oiyzae occurring in rice and delay the development of these pests when the rice is treated with diatomite. The combined use of air-conditioning and diatomite supplementation may be an effective integrated pest management strategy to solve the severe pest problems in small packages of commercial rice in the future
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