1,721,013 research outputs found
Investigation of Device Performance and Interfacial Electronic Structures of Inverted Organic Solar Cells
No full text在本論文中，第一部分主要是碳酸銫在倒置有機太陽能電池中作為陰極緩衝層對整體元件的電性研究。利用溶液調配一定濃度的碳酸銫，並旋轉塗佈在氧化銦錫(ITO)電極上，使氧化銦錫功函數有效下降，從原本陽極角色轉變為陰極角色，形成倒置結構太陽能電池中的透明陰極。所使用的主動層有機材料是在有機太陽能電池領域中已成經典的電子施體材料『聚三己烷塞吩(P3HT)』與電子受體材料『苯基碳61丁酸甲酯(PCBM)』。將兩種有機材料在溶劑中均勻混合，再使用旋轉塗佈的方式成膜，就是太陽能電池中的主動層。由介面光譜分析可得知，經碳酸銫修飾後，氧化銦錫電極與受體材料『苯基碳61丁酸甲酯(PCBM)』之間的電子注入能障大幅減少。修飾後的氧化銦錫電極在光生電流、開路電壓等特性皆比沒有使用碳酸銫修飾的電極好，主要歸因於極薄的碳酸銫層有效降低受體材料與陰極間的電子注入能障以及碳酸銫層幾乎沒有光耗損，因此不影響元件的光電流，並完成高效率的倒置太陽能電池。
第二部分是倒置太陽能電池效率演進的探索。不同的倒置太陽能電池有不同的效率演進的成因。為了清楚了解這種新開發的倒置結構，其效率演進的成因也是探索的重點。藉由X-ray繞射儀與原子力顯微鏡，我們清楚了解微觀的有機層所發生的變化。此外，藉由介面光譜分析，電極的變化也得以清楚觀察。不同種類的量測方式讓我們可以清楚規納倒置太陽能電池效率演進的原因。Excellent performance has been demonstrated of inverted organic solar cells (IOSCs) with indium tin oxide (ITO) modified by cesium carbonate. The IOSCs with modified ITO as cathodes exhibit a much longer life time as compared to organic solar cells (OSCs) with the regular structure. Using a solution-based cesium carbonate, the work function of ITO can be reduced from 4.8eV to 3.4eV to approach a relatively lower electron injection barrier. The reduction of electron injection barrier with modified ITO is also indicated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The improvement of open circuit voltage and photo-induced current is attributed to both the reduction of electron injection barrier and the almost non-reduced light intensity. A highly efficient inverted OSC is fabricated.
Evolution of device performance is also investigated. This new structure of inverted OSC leads different factors of performance evolution. To discover the aging process, several analytical methods are utilized to realize the morphology of organic layer and surface property of modified electrodes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Phosphotyrosine Signaling as a Regulator of Corneal Endothelial Cell Function
No full text蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸化之訊息傳遞在許多不同種類的細胞中，已被證實在細胞增生、細胞與細胞間的接合、細胞移動和細胞骨骼的構成中，扮演著極為重要的角色，但目前僅有非常有限的研究著重於此一訊息傳遞對角膜內皮細胞的影響。本篇研究的目的為想要了解酪胺酸磷酸化之訊息傳遞在角膜內皮細胞與細胞之間接合所扮演之調控角色。我們推測酪胺酸磷酸酶 (PTP)在角膜內皮細胞與細胞間的接合扮演著極重要的角色，一旦使用酪胺酸磷酸酶的抑制劑 (PTP inhibitor)來抑制其功能，就會使細胞與細胞間的接合瓦解，並誘發許多下游的反應使得細胞進行分裂和改變其通透性。實驗材料為初代培養之牛角膜內皮細胞和全厚度之兔子眼角膜，使用sodium orthovanadate (SOV)作為酪胺酸磷酸脢的抑制劑，接著以不同SOV濃度 (25, 50, 100μM)及不同時間 (8, 24 hrs)來處理初代培養之細胞與新鮮的兔子眼角膜，之後進行螢光染色並使用螢光顯微鏡及共軛焦顯微鏡進行影像擷取，以觀察位於細胞與細胞間的蛋白質，例如：N-cadherin, alpha-catenin 和p120的改變，另外也使用Ki67抗體來偵測是否有進入cell cycle的細胞。細胞間接合蛋白質和一些cell cycle的調節蛋白質 (例如：Cyclin A, Cyclin E, Cyclin D1和PCNA)的表現量則利用西方墨點法 (Western blotting)來定量。實驗結果顯示酪胺酸磷酸脢的抑制劑 (PTP inhibitor)會改變角膜內皮細胞的細胞形態、打斷原本細胞與細胞間的緊密接合，也會使原本一直停留在G1 phase早期的細胞重新進入細胞週期 (cell cycle)；但是本實驗中所選定的若干細胞間接合蛋白質和cell cycle的調節蛋白質其表現量卻沒有改變。未來的研究期望能更瞭解磷酸化之訊息傳遞如何影響角膜內皮細胞特性的機制。The importance of phosphotyrosine signal transduction in cellular proliferation, cell-cell contact and cellular migration has been proved in various cell types. However, only limited studies have been reported on corneal endothelial cell cells. In this study, we aim to understand the role of phosphotyrosine signaling in corneal endothelial cellular function. We propose that protein tyrosine phosphotase (PTP) may play an important role in cell-cell junction of corneal endothelial cells, and the disruption of its function by PTP inhibitor can break through cell-cell junction, and trigger a lot of downstream actions such as cellular proliferation and change of permeability. Primary culture of bovine corneal endothelial cells and whole rabbit corneas were used as the experimental materials. We first treated the cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells with PTPs inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate (SOV), with a variety of concentrations (25,50,100μM) for various durations (8,24 hrs). The effects of PTP inhibition on cellular distribution of cell-cell junctional proteins, such as N-cadherin, alpha-catenin and p120, were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with fluorescein microscopy and confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining with Ki67 Ab, a marker of cell proliferation, was also used to detect cells entering cell cycle. The expression levels of these cellular junctional proteins and regulatory proteins in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclin A, Cyclin E, Cyclin D1 and PCNA, were quantified by Western blotting. Our results demonstrate that PTPs inhibitor broke through cell-cell junction, and triggered corneal endothelial cells to re-enter cell cycle instead of having no impacts on celluar proliferation. However, the expression levels of those chosen cell-cell junction proteins and chosen regulatory proteins in cell cycle regulation were unchanged. Further studies will be carried out to elucidate the mechanism of phosphotyrosine signaling in mediating the cellular behavior of corneal endothelial cells.摘要……………………………………………………………….…….…1
Abstract…………………………………………………………………..3
第一章 序言……………………………………………..……….…4
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 角膜內皮細胞與其生理功能之簡介………………………8
第二節 細胞接合 (cell-cell junctions)與細胞間接合蛋白質 (junctional protein)之簡介……………………………11
I. Tight junctions (TJs)………………………………….12
II. Adherens junctions (AJs)………………………………12
第三節 酪胺酸磷酸化之訊息傳遞 (phosphotyrosine signal
transduction)對細胞生理之重要性………………………15
第四節 細胞生長循環 (cell cycle)調控系統之簡介…………...17
第五節 接觸抑制（contact inhibition）與角膜內皮細胞
分裂的相關實驗之文獻探討……………………….………19
第三章 實驗材料與方法
第一節 牛角膜內皮細胞之初代培養………………………………..22
第二節 Junctional protein 於細胞內之表現分析
I. 細胞免疫化學染色 (Immunocytochemistry)……………..23
II. 組織免疫螢光染色 (Immunofluorescence)………………23
III. 西方墨點法 (Western blotting)…………………………24
第三節 Sodium orthovanadate (SOV)之製備與使用……………....27
第四章 實驗結果
第一節 接合蛋白質細胞免疫化學染色於培養之牛角膜內皮細
胞之表現……………………………………………………..29
第二節 接合蛋白質 (junctional protein)之表現分析…………36
第三節 Ki-67於培養之牛角膜內皮細胞之表現……………………39
第四節 細胞生長循環相關蛋白質 (regulatory proteins in
cell cycle regulation)之表現分析………………………43
第五節 接合蛋白質p120組織免疫化學染色於新鮮之兔眼角膜
內皮細胞之表現…………………………………….………..45
第五章 討論
一. 人類角膜內皮細胞在體內無法分裂的原因...………...…………48
二. 角膜細胞培養與組織培養之使用與比較…………………..51
三. PTPs inhibitor 對細胞間接合蛋白質 (junctional protein)之影響…………………………………………….52
四. PTPs inhibitor對內皮細胞分裂之影響…………………53
五. 本實驗之限制……………………………………………….54
六. 未來實驗方向及其臨床應用性…………………………….55
第六章 參考文獻………………………………………….………..5
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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