1,721,109 research outputs found
Measuring the technical efficiency of French TTOs: first insights
No full textThis paper uses an original and detailed dataset (managed by the BETA for the French Ministry of Education and Research) which collects two comprehensive surveys on French universities’ TTOs to shed light on the functioning of French TTOs.
The sample is made by various inputs and outputs of around 80 French university TTOs over the period 2000-2005. The dataset includes revenue from R&D contracts, university revenue from basic research, number of TTO’s technical personnel specialized in R&D contracts and, annual budget of TTOs.
The main contribution of the paper is then to assess quantitatively and in a rigorous way the performance of French TTOs, by using a bootstrap-based non parametric approach (for details see Daraio and Simar, 2007). The issue is of high policy relevance and well recognized by policymakers and university managers as one of the engines of economic growth
The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called ‘European Paradox’
No full textThis paper discusses, first, the properties of scientific and technological knowledge and the institutions supporting its generation and its economic applications. The evidence supports the broad interpretation that we call the ‘Stanford–Yale–Sussex’ synthesis. Second, such patterns yield important implications with respect to the so-called ‘European Paradox’, i.e. the conjecture that EU countries play a leading global role in terms of top-level scientific output, but lag behind in the ability of converting this strength into wealth-generating innovations. Some descriptive evidence shows that, contrary to the ‘paradox’ conjecture, Europe's weaknesses reside both in its system of scientific research and in a relatively weak industry. The final part of the paper identifies a few normative implications: much less emphasis should be put on various types of ‘networking’, and much more on policy measures aimed at strengthening both frontier research and European corporate actors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Green innovation and financial performance. A study on Italian firms
No full textAs the environmental agenda gains momentum all over the world, enterprises face the challenge of combining economic and environmental goals. An obvious, recurrent, and yet not fully answered question is whether, and under which circumstances, an improvement in a firm's environmental performance leads to higher profits. Looking at innovation data, the present study, addresses the question whether Environmental Innovation (EI) is synergic with other types of innovation. To this aim, we separately consider the competitive gains from efficiency increases and cost savings due to different types of environmental innovations (EI) affecting the supply and the demand sides of a firm's activity. Using the Italian CIS dataset (2006–2008), we identify synergic interactions between EI and some but not all other types of innovation
Does the European Paradox still hold? Did it ever?
No full textThe chapter investigates the so-called European Paradox
Evaluating and Comparing the innovation performance of the United States and the European Union
No full textThe present report aims at evaluating and comparing the innovation performance
of the United States and the European Union. In particular, bearing in mind the
subtleties entailed by innovation measurements, we discuss the European comparative
performance in terms of scientific output, proxies for technological innovation,
and actual production and export in those lines of business which draw more
directly on scientific advances. The general message of our analysis can be summarized
as follows. Certainly one observes significant differences across scientific
and technological fields, but it happens that Europe has structural lags in top level
science and innovative performance vis-`a-vis the US, together with some points
of strength in physical sciences and engineering. At the same time, one also finds ample evidence of a widespread European corporate weakness, notwithstanding
major success stories
Science-Technology-Industry Links and the 'European Paradox'
No full textScience-Technology-Industry Links and the 'European Paradox
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