1,720,956 research outputs found
Inclusion of children on the autism spectrum in regular kindergartens : -
No full textVećina stručnjaka koji se bave odgojem i obrazovanjem koristi termin autistični spektar ili skraćeno autizam za šira područja koja se opisuju kao pervazivni razvojni poremećaji. Osnovne karakteristike autističnog spektra su nemogućnost djeteta da uspostavi normalne kontakte s roditeljima, djecom i ljudima općenito, usporeni razvoj i korištenje govora na nekomunikativan način, repetitivne i stereotipne igre te opsesivno inzistiranje na poštivanju određenog reda, nedostatak mašte i dobre mehaničke inteligencije te normalan fizički izgled. Poremećaj se javlja u prve tri godine života, tri do četiri puta češće kod dječaka nego kod djevojčica. Smatra se da su organski uzroci glavni etiološki faktor, iako se ne smiju zanemariti ni psiho-koštani. Djeca iz autističnog spektra uključuju se u redovne vrtićke skupine, a taj se postupak naziva inkluzija. To je sustavni proces spajanja djece s djecom bez teškoća iste dobi, u prirodnom okruženju gdje se djeca igraju, uče i žive. Proces provedbe inkluzije dugotrajan je i zahtijeva ispunjenje određenih pretpostavki vezanih uz znanje, stavove i fleksibilnost svih osoba u društvu. Kako bi se olakšala djetetova prilagodba, važna je suradnja s raznim stručnjacima, kao i pristup odgojitelja djetetu, koji mora biti potkrijepljen znanjem, kreativnošću i empatijom. Veliku ulogu igra i komunikacija edukator – roditelj, koja mora biti prožeta povjerenjem kako bi se postigla dobrobit djeteta.Most experts who deal with upbringing and education use the term autistic spectrum or autism for short for wider areas that are described as pervasive developmental disorders. The basic characteristics of the autism spectrum are the inability of the child to establish normal contacts with parents, children and people in general, delayed development and use of speech in an uncommunicative way, repetitive and stereotypical games and obsessive insistence on respecting a certain order, lack of imagination and good mechanical intelligence, and normal physical appearance. The disorder appears in the first three years of life, three to four times more often in boys than in girls. Organic causes are thought to be the main etiological factor, although psycho-osseous ones should not be ignored either. Children of the autism spectrum are included in regular kindergarten groups and this procedure is called inclusion. It is a systematic process of merging children with children without difficulties of the same age, in a natural environment where children play, learn and live. The process of implementation of inclusion is long-lasting and requires the fulfillment of certain assumptions related to the knowledge, attitudes and flexibility of all persons in society. In order to facilitate the child's adaptation, cooperation with various experts is important, as well as the educator's approach to the child, which must be supported by knowledge, creativity and empathy. A big role is also played by the communication educator – parent, which must be imbued with trust in order to achieve childrens wellbeing
Inclusion of children on the autism spectrum in regular kindergartens : -
No full textVećina stručnjaka koji se bave odgojem i obrazovanjem koristi termin autistični spektar ili skraćeno autizam za šira područja koja se opisuju kao pervazivni razvojni poremećaji. Osnovne karakteristike autističnog spektra su nemogućnost djeteta da uspostavi normalne kontakte s roditeljima, djecom i ljudima općenito, usporeni razvoj i korištenje govora na nekomunikativan način, repetitivne i stereotipne igre te opsesivno inzistiranje na poštivanju određenog reda, nedostatak mašte i dobre mehaničke inteligencije te normalan fizički izgled. Poremećaj se javlja u prve tri godine života, tri do četiri puta češće kod dječaka nego kod djevojčica. Smatra se da su organski uzroci glavni etiološki faktor, iako se ne smiju zanemariti ni psiho-koštani. Djeca iz autističnog spektra uključuju se u redovne vrtićke skupine, a taj se postupak naziva inkluzija. To je sustavni proces spajanja djece s djecom bez teškoća iste dobi, u prirodnom okruženju gdje se djeca igraju, uče i žive. Proces provedbe inkluzije dugotrajan je i zahtijeva ispunjenje određenih pretpostavki vezanih uz znanje, stavove i fleksibilnost svih osoba u društvu. Kako bi se olakšala djetetova prilagodba, važna je suradnja s raznim stručnjacima, kao i pristup odgojitelja djetetu, koji mora biti potkrijepljen znanjem, kreativnošću i empatijom. Veliku ulogu igra i komunikacija edukator – roditelj, koja mora biti prožeta povjerenjem kako bi se postigla dobrobit djeteta.Most experts who deal with upbringing and education use the term autistic spectrum or autism for short for wider areas that are described as pervasive developmental disorders. The basic characteristics of the autism spectrum are the inability of the child to establish normal contacts with parents, children and people in general, delayed development and use of speech in an uncommunicative way, repetitive and stereotypical games and obsessive insistence on respecting a certain order, lack of imagination and good mechanical intelligence, and normal physical appearance. The disorder appears in the first three years of life, three to four times more often in boys than in girls. Organic causes are thought to be the main etiological factor, although psycho-osseous ones should not be ignored either. Children of the autism spectrum are included in regular kindergarten groups and this procedure is called inclusion. It is a systematic process of merging children with children without difficulties of the same age, in a natural environment where children play, learn and live. The process of implementation of inclusion is long-lasting and requires the fulfillment of certain assumptions related to the knowledge, attitudes and flexibility of all persons in society. In order to facilitate the child's adaptation, cooperation with various experts is important, as well as the educator's approach to the child, which must be supported by knowledge, creativity and empathy. A big role is also played by the communication educator – parent, which must be imbued with trust in order to achieve childrens wellbeing
Mystical Elements in E. A. Poe Works
Full text linkU ovome radu govori se o neobičnom životu i o stvaralaštvu E. A. Poa koji je preteča kriminalističkih, detektivskih ili horror romana. Pojašnjava se romantizam kao književno razdoblje s naglaskom na njegovoj tematici s obzirom na odnos prema neobjašnjivom, mističnom, fantastičnom. U razdoblju romantizma stvara se širi krug čitalačke publike koja vjeruje kako su načela prave spoznaje intuicija, mašta i um pa dio ovoga rada objašnjava i ulogu čitatelja. Unutar epohe romantizma razvija se fantastična književnost u kojoj prepoznajemo romantičarsku sklonost „bijegu od stvarnosti“ u svijet mašte. Taj se svijet gradi na fantastičnom i na sumnji i kolebanju čitatelja i lika. Književni teoretičar Cvetan Todorov bavi se fantastičnim, čudnim i čudesnim na što se analiza Poeovih djela oslanja. Tematika fantastičnoga oslanja se na „ja - teme“ koje se bave odnosima između čovjeka i svijeta, odnosno izdvojenošću čovjeka od svijeta, i „ti - teme“ koje se bave odnosima čovjeka i njegovih želja i nesvjesnih nagona.
U ovome radu pozornost se obratila i na gotičku književnost. Čitanjem i opažanjem elemenata fantastike i gotike kratke priče mogu se svrstati u žanr fantastičnog, no pomnijom se analizom, koja se provodi na strukturalnoj i semantičkoj razini, dolazi do zaključka kako priče zapravo pripadaju žanru čudesnoga ili čudnoga. Određivanje pripadnosti djela određenom žanru fantastične književnosti potkrjepljuje se i primjerima iz priča. U odabranim tekstovima izdvojeni su mistični elementi i elementi osobnih preokupacija, posebno osjećaji prolaznosti, osamljenosti, otuđenosti, straha i užasa.This paper deals with the unusual life and creativity of E. A. Po who is the forerunner of, what is later to be known as, criminal, detective or horror novels. Romanticism is described as a literary period with an emphasis on its theme with regard to the relation to the unexplainable, mystical, fantastic. In the period of romance, a wider circle of readers is created, believing that the principles of real perception are intuition, imagination and mind, and part of this work also explains the role of readers. It is emphasized that fantastic literature is developing within the epoch of romanticism, in which we recognize the romantic tendency of "escape from reality" into the world of imagination. This world is built on the fantastic and on suspicion and swirling of readers and figures. Literary theorist Cvetan Todorov deals with the fantastic, strange and miraculous aspects that are also the basis of the analysis of Poe's work. The theme of fantasy relies on "I - themes" that deal with the relationship between man and the world, that is, the separation of man from the world, and the „you - themes" that deal with the human relation towards his desires and unconscious impulses. This paper also addressed Gothic literature. By reading and observing the elements of fantasy and gothic, short stories can be classified into a genre of fantastic, but a closer analysis, carried out on a structural and semantic level, leads to the conclusion that the stories actually belong to the genre of miraculous or strange. The clasification of a piece of work to a particular genre of fantastic literature is corroborated by examples from the analized stories . Selected texts contain mystical elements and elements of personal preoccupation, especially the feelings of passion, loneliness, alienation, fear and horror
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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