92 research outputs found
AUT701268_Lay_Abstract – Supplemental material for The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self–other distinction leads to altered empathic responding
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Supplemental material, AUT701268_Lay_Abstract for The effect of being imitated on empathy for pain in adults with high-functioning autism: Disturbed self–other distinction leads to altered empathic responding by Lize De Coster, Jan R Wiersema, Eliane Deschrijver and Marcel Brass in Autism
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Towards a relational ethics in pandemic times and beyond: Limited accountability, collective performativity and new subjectivity
No full textIt is often said that desperate times call for desperate measures. Yet, in the contemporary pandemic crisis, desperate organizational measures seem all but present. Instead, for most of us it is 'business as usual' while we are at the same time required to take care of our kids. The situation makes us highly uncomfortable and overwhelms many of us with feelings of stress - when trying to keep on going with the flow - or feelings of guilt - when just not being able to juggle all the different things. In this short piece, I draw on a personal vignette to first theorize how the pandemic crisis leverages the constitution of a masculine subjectivity and, so doing, further increases the ontological struggle in the constitution of a female subjectivity under neoliberal governance. In a second instance, I turn to an email sent by my PhD supervisor to illustrate how a relational ethics, recognizing the openness and generosity in the relation, and collective performativity can lower the ethical burden we face. I conclude by arguing that such an alternative script and the subjectivity fostered through it is urgently needed, not only today in pandemic times, but also in times beyond.Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: G.0630.14N; Flemish Fund for Scientific Research, Belgium, Grant/Award Number: G.0630.14 NDe Coster, M (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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Supplementary_Figure1 – Supplemental material for Childhood Abuse and Adult Sociocognitive Skills: Distinguishing Between Self and Other Following Early Trauma
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Figure1 for Childhood Abuse and Adult Sociocognitive Skills: Distinguishing Between Self and Other Following Early Trauma by Anna R. Hudson, Lize De Coster, Hanne Spoormans, Sylvia Verbeke, Kaat Van der Jeught, Marcel Brass and Sven C. Mueller in Journal of Interpersonal Violence</p
The paintings by Angelo de Coster in Piran
No full textThis paper will attempt to shed some light on the current state of knowledge concerning Angelo de Coster, a Venetian painter of Dutch origin, who is known to the art-historian community only as the author of two large canvases - The Miracle of St. George and The Mass of Bolsena from the parish church of St. George in Piran. At the same time the author of this paper wishes to discuss new archive sources and to emphasize the iconographic problems, concerning primarily the rather uncommon depiction of The Mass of Bolsena. Until recently, the known facts about the life of Angelo de Coster were relatively scarce. He came from a Duch family of painters. His father, Pietro de Coster, is well known in comparison to his son and was educated in Amsterdam in the circle of painters like Jan Cossiers and Abraham van Diepenbeeck. Angelo de Coster was born in Venice on the 22nd of November 1680. At present we do not have any information concerning the beginnings of his education. It is likely that his first education as a painter took place in the workshop of his father Pietro. Further on in his career he worked in the workshop of Johann Carl Loth, who was the head of one of the biggest workshops in Venice in the middle of the 17th century, where painters like Daniel Seiter and Johann Michael Rottmayr were educated. At the start of the 18th century Angelo de Coster ventured to Rome to the Accademia di San Luca, where he competed in several competitions, which provided an opportunity for the artists - painters and sculptors - to combine their theoretical knowledge with practical work, In the year 1704 he was commissioned to paint both paintings in Piran. Antonio Alisi postulates that both paintings were commissioned by the members of the fraternity of St. George from Piran. On the basis of archive sources the author of this paper establishes, that the painting The Miracle of St. George was in fact commissioned by the members of the brotherhood of St. George, while The Mass of Bolsena was commissioned by the members of the fraternity of Corpus Christi. The Miracle of St. George depicts a scene from the 21st of July 1343, when this saint saved the city of Piran from the dangerous tempest. The Mass of Bolsena is dated and signed on the base of the capital: MDCCVI / PIN. ANG° DE COSTER VENE. The Mass of Bolsena depicts fatherPeter of Prague as he gives holly mass in the town Bolsena in the church of St. Christina. The painting from Piran depicts the moment of miracle of the eucharisty during the holly mass as blood starts to flow out of the consecrated host and floods the altar cloth. This miracle was a consequence of the priest\u27s doubts concerning the transubstantiation, the moment when bread and vine turn to the body and blood of Christ. Most likely Coster became familiar with this scene during his stay in Rome, when he competed in two competitions at Accademie di San Luca. The Mass of Bolsena is not a commonly depicted motif. The most famous depiction of this scene is probably Rafaelćs depiction on a fresco in the Pope\u27s Palace (1511-1514). The author lists some other examples: frescoes in the cathedral of Orvieto, the paintings by Francesco Trevisiani and the painting by Francesco Robbia. The data regarding the last years of Coster\u27s life are scarce and it is not clear what he did during that time. The question of his opus remains open as wel
More Than Prefigurative Politics? Redefining institutional frames to reduce precarity under neoliberal capitalism
No full textThis paper responds to the emergent calls for recovering the role of contentious politics in prefigurative communities to more effectively transform capitalist institutions. Theoretically drawing on the work of Judith Butler, our paper points to the importance of addressing the institutional frames that demarcate who will be (mis)recognized in the public space and which are at the core of politics. Our analysis of the Coop case shows how prefigurative and contentious politics are not incompatible, but can rather strengthen each other in a virtuous circle. When articulated to redefine existing institutional frames, they can reduce precarity. Through this articulation an assembly is constituted where a redefined subject can emerge outside the precarizing frames of neoliberalism. At the same time, our analysis suggests that Coop's political practices do not completely redefine the individualized, calculative neoliberal subject. Project workers embraced the assembly only to the extent that it helped them reduce their self-responsibility and advance their professional and life projects. Overall, these insights advance the literature on grassroots organizations by showing the importance of contentious politics in attempting to redefine the institutional frames, as opposed to solely relying on prefigurative politics outside institutions. Yet they simultaneously confirm the difficulty of redefining the precarious neoliberal subject through collective emancipatory projects.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research has been funded by Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, [G.0630.14N]
The authors would like to thank the associate editor Christine Coupland and the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback throughout the review process. Further, they like to thank Koen Van Laer, Marijke Verbruggen and Sara Louise Muhr as well as their colleagues from SEIN – Identity, Diversity & Inequality Research (Hasselt University) and the Qualcor network for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this paper. A special word of gratitude goes to all members and staff of Coop who participated in our research and in particular to our contact person for granting the authors access to the Coop community and her support in the data-gathering process
Perceived match between own and observed models' bodies: influence of face, viewpoints, and body size
No full textPublished 08 October 2020: De Coster, L., Sánchez-Herrero, P., Aliaga, C. et al. Author Correction: Perceived match between own and observed models’ bodies: influence of face, viewpoints, and body size. Sci Rep 10, 17120 (2020)People are generally unable to accurately determine their own body measurements and to translate this knowledge to identifying a model/avatar that best represents their own body. This inability has not only been related to health problems (e.g. anorexia nervosa), but has important practical implications as well (e.g. online retail). Here we aimed to investigate the influence of three basic visual features—face presence, amount of viewpoints, and observed model size—on the perceived match between own and observed models' bodies and on attitudes towards these models. Models were real-life models (Experiment 1) or avatar models based on participants' own bodies (Experiment 2). Results in both experiments showed a strong effect of model size, irrespective of participants' own body measurements. When models were randomly presented one by one, participants gave significantly higher ratings to smaller- compared to bigger-sized models. The reverse was true, however, when participants observed and compared models freely, suggesting that the mode of presentation affected participants' judgments. Limited evidence was found for an effect of facial presence or amount of viewpoints. These results add evidence to research on visual features affecting the ability to match observed bodies with own body image, which has biological, clinical, and practical implications.ATJ and LDC were supported by Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain Ramón y Cajal Grant RYC-2014-15421. LDC was also supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Grant IJC2018-038347-I
Use of a real-life practical context changes the relationship between implicit body representations and real body measurements
No full textAbstract A mismatch exists between people’s mental representations of their own body and their real body measurements, which may impact general well-being and health. We investigated whether this mismatch is reduced when contextualizing body size estimation in a real-life scenario. Using a reverse correlation paradigm, we constructed unbiased, data-driven visual depictions of participants’ implicit body representations. Across three conditions—own abstract, ideal, and own concrete body—participants selected the body that looked most like their own, like the body they would like to have, or like the body they would use for online shopping. In the own concrete condition only, we found a significant correlation between perceived and real hip width, suggesting that the perceived/real body match only exists when body size estimation takes place in a practical context, although the negative correlation indicated inaccurate estimation. Further, participants who underestimated their body size or who had more negative attitudes towards their body weight showed a positive correlation between perceived and real body size in the own abstract condition. Finally, our results indicated that different body areas were implicated in the different conditions. These findings suggest that implicit body representations depend on situational and individual differences, which has clinical and practical implications
Exploring eye-movement changes as digital biomarkers and endophenotypes in subclinical eating disorders: an eye tracking study
No full textObjective. Previous research has indicated that patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) exhibit specific eye movement changes, identified through eye tracking sensor technology. These changes have been proposed as potential digital biomarkers and endophenotypes for early diagnosis and preventive clinical interventions. This study aims to explore whether these eye movement changes are also present in individuals with subclinical eating disorder (ED) symptomatology compared to control participants.
Method. The study recruited participants using convenience sampling and employed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire for initial screening. The sample was subsequently divided into two groups: individuals exhibiting subclinical ED symptomatology and control participants. Both groups performed various tasks, including a fixation task, prosaccade/antisaccade task, and memory-guided task. Alongside these tasks, anxiety and premorbid intelligence were measured as potential confounding variables. The data were analyzed through means comparison and exploratory Pearson’s correlations.
Results. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the three eye tracking tasks.
Discussion. The findings suggest that the observed changes in previous research might be more related to the clinical state of the illness rather than a putative trait. Implications for the applicability of eye movement changes as early biomarkers and endophenotypes for EDs in subclinical populations are discussed. Further research is needed to validate these findings and understand their implications for preventive diagnostics
Effects of being imitated on motor responses evoked by pain observation: exerting control determines action tendencies when perceiving pain in others.
No full textBrain-imaging research has shown that experiencing pain oneself and perceiving pain in others lead to a similar pattern of activation, suggesting that the latter is based on internal simulation of the observed pain. Further evidence for this idea stems from transcranial magnetic stimulation measuring corticospinal excitability (CSE). It has been demonstrated that our motor cortex is involved whenever we observe another person receiving painful stimulation to the hand (Avenanti et al., 2005). However, both decreases and increases of CSE have been described during pain observation, so the exact nature of these CSE changes has remained unclear so far. In the present study, we hypothesized that CSE changes are determined by the control that the observer has over the hand that receives painful stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated the control over the observed hand using a paradigm in which participants' movements are being imitated by a hand on screen-giving them full control over the hand-or not. Consistent with previous results, we evidenced a decrease in CSE when participants experienced no control over the hand that received painful stimulation. In contrast, inducing control resulted in an increase in CSE. We conclude that exerting control over the observed hand leads to a completely altered action tendency. Whereas an anesthetic response is typically observed in the absence of control, increasing control induces motor facilitation reminiscent of preparation of an avoidance response
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