43 research outputs found
THERMODYNAMICS, BARODYNAMICS AND HORODYNAMICS
No full textThe author offers horodynamics for deep subterranean systems (like hydrocarbon reservoirs) as an alternative to thermodynamics and barodinamics.
Simonianism
No full textAfter a more extended bibliography and historical survey of Simonian studies than have hitherto appeared, this study attempts to reduce some of the many uncertainties about Simon and Slmonlanism by a systematic examination of primary sources. The Simon of Acts 8 was an historical Samaritan who repented of his pretensions and was not, pace Irenaeus, responsible for the rise of the Simonian movement. The extant text of Justin (attempts to recover the contents of his lost Syntagma are rejected) supports the double Simon hypothesis and fits in well with the preferred reading of Acts 8. Justin shows too that primitive Simonianism was non-Gnostic, being a pagan, religion dating from the mid-first century in which Simon of Gitta was equated with Zeus and Helena his companion with Athene. Simonianism fell, a century later, under the spell of Gnosticism, and the author seeks to explain various of the inconsistencies of Simonian doctrine as caused by an imperfectly successful attempt to reconcile primitive Simonian with Gnostic ideas. The extant text of Hippolytus (the Syntagma account is adjudged to be almost entirely unrecoverable) adds little to our knowledge of Simonianism proper but it gives us a valuable account of a probably unrelated movement, composed largely of heretical Samaritans, whose Bible was the Megale Apophasis. By the time of Epiphanius the Simonians were addicted to gross orgiastic rites and were probably in decline, though some may have survived till the early fifth century. In the final chapter the author gathers together the information gleaned from the analysis of sources. He contends that Simonianism was not an original religion; it was not the first Christian heresy; it was not the earliest form of Gnosticism. It was essentially derivative and parasitic, an intellectually undistinguished farrago of ideas borrowed from pagan classical religion, from Christianity and from Gnosticism
What's That in the Sky? [Cloud Book for Children]
No full textWe have created a simple and easy to understand cloud book for children!Spring 201
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF GEO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE VIEW OF SYNERGETIC THEORY OF INFORMATION
No full textWith the synergetic theory of information the author has estimated the chaos and order of hydro and naphthene geo-ecological systems. It was shown that during formation of oil from the mantle fluid entropy increases and syntropy decreases. For oil the function is R ? 1. This indicates that the oil is self-generated inside the trap towards the direction of sustainable equilibrium
What’s that in the Sky: A Children’s Guide to Clouds
No full textWe have created a simple and easy to understand cloud book for children!Spring 201
Fraternité and solidarité in 1848. Traces of a Sociological Approach
No full textThe article focuses on the social-lexical history of the terms fraternité and solidarité in France during the first half of the 19th century. In particular, the author highlights how, in 1848, fratenité is both used in the motto of the Republic and associated with the defeated socialist republicanism. Then, the author focuses on its synonymous, solidarité, and he reconstructs the different contexts of use of this term (fiscal, legal, religious, economic and political contexts), in order to show that its use in the social context accompanies the formation of the first sociological approach with a republican-saint-simonian matrix
A great and agonizing experience; interview with MSc student Samo Simonian and dr.i. Christos Kassapoglou
No full textAerospace Engineerin
A Missão numa Perspectiva Antropológica
No full textThis article is a study about religious missions it discusses anthropological publications related to this theme, found within the analyses of various authors of the anthropology of religion. The author analyses academic publications from the middle of the last century to understand the relations between missionaries and anthropologists. The article relates how anthropologists view missions and gives a large theoretical revision about the anthropological interpretations of the missions.Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre as missões religiosas discutindo as produções antropológicas referentes a este tema, presentes na análise de diversos autores da antropologia da religião. A autora faz uma análise das produções acadêmicas desde meados do século passado para compreender as relações travadas entre missionários e antropólogos. Relata como os antropólogos pensam as missões e faz uma farta revisão teórica sobre as interpretações antropológicas em torno das missões
Response to parallel magnetic field of a dilute two-dimensional electron system across the metal-insulator transition
No full textПорівняльний аналіз систем фармацевтичного забезпечення населення європейських країн за комплексом соціально-економічних показників
No full textThe aim: to conduct an analysis of the state of functioning of pharmaceutical supply systems for the population in European countries and Ukraine based on a set of socio-economic indicators.
Materials and methods. General theoretical (historical, formal, graphic, hypothetical-deductive) and applied (organizational-economic, mathematical-statistical) research methods were used. The object of research was data that was freely available.
Results. It was established that the highest volume of the pharmaceutical market volume per inhabitant is typical for Italy (410.18 euros) and the lowest for Ukraine (53.58 euros). It has been proven that with an increase in GDP indicators, which are calculated based on purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the range of variation of this indicator by groups decreases, and the number of countries with a negative value of the foreign trade balance also decreases. Within groups of countries, there is a different level of dependence on the import of pharmaceutical products. In Ukraine (the first group), imports exceeded the export data of pharmaceutical products by 8.6 times. For other countries in this group (Latvia, Bulgaria, and Slovakia), imports exceeded exports by 1.3, 1.4, and 4.0 times, respectively. The highest values of the volume of foreign trade in pharmaceutical products were characteristic of the countries of the third and second groups. The undisputed leader is Germany (134,541.0 million euros), in second place is Italy (59,533.0 million euros), and in third place is France (58,568.0 million euros).
The highest values of health care costs as a percentage of GDP (%) are typical for the countries of the third group and the lowest for the countries of the first group. For all countries, this indicator had a characteristic tendency to increase over time. Growth rates varied both across groups and within groups across countries. According to the indicator of the amount of reimbursement of the cost of drug consumption per person, there was a significant fluctuation of the data by country within the groups. The most extensive range of fluctuations was observed in the third group (284.83 euros). The highest reimbursement amounts are typical for Germany (483.53 euros) and the lowest for Bulgaria (54.25 euros). In most countries, there is a high level (50.0 % and higher) of state participation in the payment of medicine, except for Poland (36.0 %), Lithuania (34.0 %) and Latvia (37.0 %). The lowest values of money consumers spend to pay for medicines (from 13.0 % to 44.0 %) are characteristic of the countries of the third group.
Conclusions. The established peculiarities of the functioning of the pharmaceutical supply systems of European countries should not diminish the value of the state's aspirations to harmonize the processes that take place to promote medicinal products to consumersМета: провести аналіз стану функціонування систем фармацевтичного забезпечення населення у європейських країнах та в Україні за комплексом соціально-економічних показників.
Матеріали і методи. Використовувалися загальнотеоретичні (історичний, формальний, графічний, гіпотетико-дедуктивний і таке ін.) та прикладні (організаційно-економічні, математико-статистичні тощо) методи досліджень. Об’єктом досліджень були дані, які представлені у вільному доступі.
Результати дослідження. Встановлено, що найвище значення обсягів фармацевтичного ринку, що припадає на одного мешканця були характерні для Італії (410,18 €), а найнижче для України (53,58 €). Доведено, що зі збільшенням показників ВВП, які розраховані за паритетом купівельної спроможності (ПКС) на душу населення знижується варіаційний розмах цього показника, а також кількість країн, які мають негативне значення зовнішньоторговельного балансу. Всередині груп по країнах відмічається різний рівень залежності від імпорту фармацевтичної продукції. В Україні (перша група) імпорт був у 8,6 рази вищим, ніж дані експорту фармацевтичної продукції. Для інших країн із цієї групи (Латвія, Болгарія, Словацька Республіка) імпорт привалював над експортом у 1,3, 1,4 та 4,0 рази відповідно. Найвищі значення зовнішньоторговельного обсягу фармацевтичної продукції було характерно для країн третьої та другої груп. Безумовним лідером є Німеччина (134541,0 € million), на другій позиції представлена Італія (59533,0 € million), а на третій Франція (58568,0 € million).
Найвищі значення витрати на охорону здоров’я від ВВП (%) були характерні для країн із третьої, а найнижчі для країн із першої груп. Для всіх країн була характерна тенденція до зростання цього показника у часі. Темпи зростання були різними, як по групах, так й всередині груп по країнах. За показником суми реімбурсації вартості споживання ліків у перерахунку на особу, всередині груп спостерігалося значне коливання даних по країнах. Найбільший діапазон коливань спостерігався у третій групі (284,83 €). Найвищі значення сум реімбурсації було характерне для Німеччини (483,53 €), а найнижчі для Болгарії (54,25 €). У більшості країн спостерігається високий рівень (50,0 % й вище) участі держави у сплаті ліків, за виключенням Польщі (36,0 %), Литви (34,0 %), Латвії (37,0 %). Найнижчі значення готівкових витрат споживачів у сплаті ліків (від 13,0 % до 44,0 %) була характерна для країн третьої групи.
Висновки. Встановлені особливості функціонування систем фармацевтичного забезпечення у країнах Європи не повинні нівелювати прагнення держав до гармонізації тих процесів, які відбуваються на шляху просування ліків до споживачі
