1,721,019 research outputs found
Thermocapillary-buoyancy Convection Driven by a Horizontal Temperature Gradient in a Thin Liquid Layer: The Effect of Evaporation
No full textThe effects of phase change on the stability of a horizontally heated liquid layer are studied experimentally in this paper. Results are obtained for two volatile liquids with similar Prandtl numbers in a rectangular geometry with different temperature differences. Three different flow states occur with the variation of the liquid depth, namely oscillating multicellular convection, hydrothermal waves and steady flow. The critical conditions for the transition between the different flow states are identified and discussed. In addition, the presence of evaporation at the interface plays an essential role in the flow instabilities. The results show that evaporation at the surface and associated surface deformation tend to inhibit the development of a hydrothermal wave but conversely promote the transition of oscillating multicellular convection. Furthermore, the transient nature of HTWs is shown to be little affected by the phase change
Influence of forced convection on columnar microstructure during directional solidification of Al-Ni alloys
No full textSuppression of natural convection in a thermoacoustic pulse tube refrigerator
Full text linkThe effects of gravity on the efficiency of thermoacoustic engines are investigated theoretically and experimentally, especially for thermoacoustic pulse tube refrigerators. The significant effects of gravity are found to be due to the presence of natural convection in the thermoacoustic pulse tube when the hot side of the tube is lower than the cold side. This kind of natural convection influences and reduces the efficiency of the thermoacoustic working system. Thus, how to suppress this natural convection becomes important for increasing the efficiency of thermoacoustic engines. Unlike the method of inserting a silk screen in a pulse tube, the present study uses a numerical simulation method to research the natural convection in pulse tubes, and we try to change the shape of the pulse tube to suppress this convection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Convective Instabilities in a Liquid-Vapor System with a Non-equilibrium Evaporation Interface
Full text linkRayleigh-Marangoni-B,nard instability in a system consisting of a horizontal liquid layer and its own vapor has been investigated. The two layers are separated by a deformable evaporation interface. A linear stability analysis is carried out to study the convective instability during evaporation. In previous works, the interface is assumed to be under equilibrium state. In contrast with previous works, we give up the equilibrium assumption and use Hertz-Knudsen's relation to describe the phase change under non-equilibrium state. The influence of Marangoni effect, gravitational effect, degree of non-equilibrium and the dynamics of the vapor on the instability are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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