471 research outputs found
Gao pu lang te shu tuan liu dui liu zhong su du chang he wen du chang neng liang ji chuan chuan di de shi yan yan jiu
No full textCai, Debin = 高普朗特數湍流對流中速度場和溫度場能量級串傳遞的實驗研究 / 蔡德斌."September 2010."Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Cai, Debin = Gao pu lang te shu tuan liu dui liu zhong su du chang he wen du chang neng liang ji chuan chuan di de shi yan yan jiu / Cai Debin.Abstract (in English) --- p.iAbstract (in Chinese) --- p.iiAcknowledgements --- p.iiiContents --- p.ivList of Figures --- p.viList of Tables --- p.xvChaptersChapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 1.1 --- Turbulence --- p.1Chapter 1.2 --- Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection --- p.2Chapter 1.3 --- Small-Scale Properties of Turbulent Convection --- p.6Chapter 1.4 --- Motivations and structure of this thesis --- p.9Chapter 1.4.1 --- Motivations --- p.9Chapter 1.4.2 --- Organization of this thesis --- p.15Chapter 2. --- Experimental apparatus and techniques --- p.16Chapter 2.1 --- Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection cell --- p.16Chapter 2.2 --- The working fluid 1-Pentanol --- p.20Chapter 2.3 --- Technique and instruments in temperature structure function measurement --- p.21Chapter 2.3.1 --- Temperature detecting probe --- p.22Chapter 2.3.2 --- Electronic instruments for temperature measurement --- p.25Chapter 2.4 --- Technique and instruments in velocity structure function measurement --- p.28Chapter 3. --- Cascades of Temperature Fluctuations in High Prandtl Number Turbulent Convection --- p.31Chapter 3.1 --- Selection of the experimental parameters --- p.31Chapter 3.2 --- Temperature structure function at the cell centre --- p.33Chapter 3.2.1 --- Experiment arrangements --- p.34Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experiment results of temperature structure function at the cell centre --- p.37Chapter 3.3 --- Temperature structure function near the cell sidewall --- p.43Chapter 3.4 --- Intermittency in the high Pr number system --- p.49Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.51Chapter 4. --- Cascades of Velocity Fluctuations in High Prandtl Number Turbulent Convection --- p.52Chapter 4.1 --- Experiment technique --- p.52Chapter 4.2 --- Velocity structure function at the cell centre --- p.54Chapter 4.2.1 --- Analysis with time average method only --- p.55Chapter 4.2.2 --- Homogeneity and isotropy at the cell centre --- p.61Chapter 4.2.3 --- Analysis with spatial average method --- p.65Chapter 4.3 --- Velocity structure function near the sidewall --- p.70Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.75Chapter 5. --- Comparison between Different Experiments --- p.77Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison between High and Low Pr Number Cases --- p.77Chapter 5.2 --- Comparison between the Temperature and Velocity Structure Function Measurements in High Pr number System --- p.80Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.82References --- p.8
Identification and expression of the cytochrome P450 reductase gene in Aedes sollicitans (Walker) (Diptera: culicidae)
No full textAedes sollicitans (Walker) is an important vector of mosquito-borne diseases. Cytochrome P450 system is one of the most important enzyme families involved in the metabolic responses of living organisms to foreign chemicals. To explore the specific functions of individual cytochrome P450s, it is important to identify the cytochrome P450 reductase gene. The cytochrome P450 reductase genes were identified in Ae. sollicitans from Cape May, Middlesex and Ocean County, New Jersey. The cytochrome P450 reductase gene has an open reading frame of 2040 bp encoding 679 amino acid residues. The comparison among 679 amino acid residues deduced from the cytochrome P450 reductase gene obtained from three mosquito populations showed that mutations had occurred at the nucleotide level but did not produce amino acid changes except in one case. In Ocean County mosquito population, the amino acid serine was changed to glycine. The amino acid change was not considered to cause any functional change of cytochrome P450 reductase since the mutation was not located in any functional region. Quantitative real-time expression analysis showed that the expressions of CYP6BB1 and cytochrome P450 reductase mRNAs were not significantly different in fourth instar larvae or in different body parts of adult female mosquitoes in populations from three locations. The study implied that CYP6BB1 was ubiquitously expressed in female mosquitoes and its expression occurred in both larvae and adults. The cytochrome P450 reductase gene was expressed in E. coli cells and molecular mass of the protein was estimated to be 78 kDa. Its activity was assayed in both the cytosolic and cell membrane fractions. The activity in the cytosol was much higher than that in the membrane fractions. The cytochrome P450 reductase activities in microsomes of Ae. sollicitans collected from the three locations were assayed. The results showed no statistically significant differences. This is the first study of cytochrome P450 reductase in Ae. sollicitans. The identification and expression of the cytochrome P450 reductase gene provide further insights on how cytochrome P450s metabolize substrates and make it possible to explore the specific functions of each cytochrome P450 gene. The study is not only meaningful for Ae. sollicitans but also for other mosquito species.Ph.D.Includes abstractVitaIncludes bibliographical referencesby Debin Su
sj-jpg-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221105368 - Supplemental material for Pralsetinib treatment for multiple <i>RET</i> fusions in lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
No full textSupplemental material, sj-jpg-1-imr-10.1177_03000605221105368 for Pralsetinib treatment for multiple RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma: a case report by Xiangming Cao, Xiongwei Liu, Simin Wang, Zhen Liu, Xin Ren, Debin Sun and Lichun Deng in Journal of International Medical Research</p
Law and Economic Change in Traditional China: A Comparative Perspective
Full text linkThis article offers a critical review of recent literature on Chinese legal tradition and argues that some subtle but fundamental differences between the Western and Chinese legal traditions are highly relevant to our explanation of the economic divergence in the modern era. By elucidating the fundamental feature of traditional Chinese legal system within the framework of a disciplinary mode of administrative justice, this article highlights the contrasting growth patterns of legal professions and legal knowledge in China and Western Europe that would ultimately affect property rights, contract enforcement and ultimately long-term growth trajectories. The paper concludes with some preliminary analysis on the inter-linkages between the historical evolution of political institution and legal regimes.
sj-pdf-1-prf-10.1177_02676591211031468 – Supplemental material for Establishment of a venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a rat model of acute respiratory distress syndrome
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-prf-10.1177_02676591211031468 for Establishment of a venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a rat model of acute respiratory distress syndrome by Yongnan Li, Jian Huang, Rongzhi Zhang, Shixiong Wang, Xingdong Cheng, Pengbin Zhang, Kerong Zhai, Wei Wang, Debin Liu and Bingren Gao in Perfusion</p
Thermal stability of ultrafine-grained pure titanium processed by high-pressure torsion
No full textHigh-pressure torsion (HPT) was conducted under 6.0 GPa on commercial purity titanium up to 10 turns. An ultrafine-grained (UFG) pure Ti with an average grain size of ~96 nm was obtained. The thermal properties of these samples were studied by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) which allowed the quantitative determination of the evolution of stored energy, the recrystallization temperatures, the activation energy involved in the recrystallization of the material and the evolution of the recrystallized fraction with temperature. The results show that the stored energy increases, beyond which the stored energy seems to level off to a saturated value with increase of HPT up to 5 turns. An average activation energy of about 101 kJ/mol for the recrystallization of 5 turns samples was determined. Also, the thermal stability of the grains of the 5 turns samples with subsequent heat treatments were investigated by microstructural analysis and Vickers microhardness measurements. It is shown that the average grain size remains below 246 nm when the annealing temperature is below 500 ̊C, and the size of the grains increases significantly for samples at the annealing temperature of 600 ̊C
From divergence to convergence : re-evaluating the history behind China's economic boom
Full text linkChina’s long-term economic dynamics pose a formidable challenge to economic historians. The Qing
Empire (1644-1911), the world’s largest national economy before 1800, experienced a tripling of
population during the 17th and 18th centuries with no signs of diminishing per capita income. While the
timing remains in dispute, a vast gap emerged between newly rich industrial nations and China’s lagging
economy in the wake of the Industrial Revolution. Only with an unprecedented growth spurt beginning
in the late 1970s did this great divergence separating China from the global leaders substantially
diminish, allowing China to regain its former standing among the world’s largest economies. This essay
develops an integrated framework for understanding that entire history, including both the divergence
and the recent convergent trend. We explain how deeply embedded political and economic institutions
that contributed to a long process of extensive growth before 1800 subsequently prevented China from
capturing the benefits associated with the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, the gradual
erosion of these historic constraints and of new obstacles erected by socialist planning eventually
opened the door to China’s current boom. Our analysis links China’s recent development to important
elements of its past, while using recent success to provide fresh perspectives on the critical obstacles
undermining earlier modernization efforts, and their eventual removal
Microstructural evolution and microhardness variations in pure titanium processed by high‐pressure torsion
No full textA grade 2 pure titanium with an initial grain size of ≈50 μm is processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature under an imposed pressure of 6.0 GPa. The microhardness variations are examined and the results show that the disks are reasonably homogeneous after 10 turns of torsional straining. The microstructural evolution is systematically characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy to provide information on the effect of shear strain on grain size and microstructure. The results demonstrate that the initial coarse structure is gradually refined from the edge to the center of the disk under the shear stress during HPT processing and an ultrafine-grained pure Ti is achieved with an average grain size of ≈96 nm after 10 turns. A model is developed by considering the formation of subgrain boundaries, twins, and high-angle grain boundaries for the grain refinement of pure Ti processed by HPT.</p
From Divergence to Convergence: Re-evaluating the History Behind China's Economic Boom
Full text linkChina's long-term economic dynamics pose a formidable challenge to economic historians. The Qing Empire (1644-1911), the world's largest national economy prior to the 19th century, experienced a tripling of population during the 17th and 18th centuries with no signs of diminishing per capita income. In some regions, the standard of living may have matched levels recorded in advanced regions of Western Europe. However, with the Industrial Revolution a vast gap emerged between newly rich industrial nations and China's lagging economy. Only with an unprecedented growth spurt beginning in the late 1970s has the gap separating China from the global leaders been substantially diminished, and China regained its former standing among the world's largest economies. This essay develops an integrated framework for understanding this entire history, including both the long period of divergence and the more recent convergent trend. The analysis sets out to explain how deeply embedded political and economic institutions that had contributed to a long process of extensive growth subsequently prevented China from capturing the benefits associated with new technologies and information arising from the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, the gradual erosion of these historic constraints and of new obstacles created by socialist planning eventually opened the door to China's current boom. Our analysis links China's recent economic development to important elements of its past, while using the success of the last three decades to provide fresh perspectives on the critical obstacles undermining earlier modernization efforts, and their removal over the last century and a half.
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