113 research outputs found
<strong>Litter and soil biodiversity jointly drive ecosystem functions</strong>
No full textThe dataset of the GCB paper</p
Mycorrhiza-dependent drivers of the positive rhizosphere effects on the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
No full textTree roots and their fungal symbionts mediate the response of rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition to climate warming, specifically the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10), which is a critical parameter for projecting the magnitude of terrestrial soil C-climate feedbacks. However, the intensity of the rhizosphere effects (RE; rhizosphere soils vs. bulk soils) on Q10 in forest soils associated with different mycorrhizal groups and their seasonal dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we selected nine tree species associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in subtropical forests of China and collected bulk soil and rhizosphere soil in both the warm and cold seasons to explore the RE on Q10, respectively. Our results showed a positive RE on Q10 (ranging from 20.1% to 87.5%) for all tree species, independent of the season. For EM tree species, the RE on Q10 was 64.5% higher in the warm season and 44.4% higher in the cold season, compared with AM tree species. The RE on Q10 of AM and EM tree species was 44.8% and 65.0% larger in the warm season than that in the cold season, respectively. Fine root traits (including biomass, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and soluble sugar content) predominantly controlled the RE on Q10 in AM-dominated forests, whereas the RE on soil properties (such as (Formula presented.) and C availability) dominantly governed the RE on Q10 in EM-dominated forests. Furthermore, the RE on Q10 was also positively correlated with the RE on soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids in both AM- and EM-dominated forests. These findings suggest that rhizosphere soils in EM-dominated forests are more susceptible to C losses under climate warming than those in AM-dominated forests, compared with their respective bulk soils, potentially limiting rhizosphere SOC sequestration. The greater vulnerability of EM-dominated forests underscores the importance of accounting for root–soil interactions, mycorrhizal associations, and seasonal dynamics in C-climate models to improve predictions of SOC cycling and its feedback to global warming. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog
Differentiating microbial taxonomic and functional responses to physical disturbance in bulk and rhizosphere soils
No full textTemperature legacies predict microbial metabolic quotient across forest biomes
No full text13 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 1 tabla.- referencias.-Palaeoclimate legacies have been reported to influence microbial communities and carbon (C) stocks even after thousands of years. However, the direct and indirect influences of climate legacies on microbial C processes remain poorly understood and thus limit our capacity to predict how climate legacies regulate C cycling. Here, we conducted microbial, soil and vegetation surveys along a continental latitudinal transect of 4200 km covering a wide range of forest biomes. With these data, we evaluated the potential capacity of climate legacies to predict direct and indirect variations in microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ) across and within three main forest biomes: tropical, subtropical and temperateShengen Liu and Qingkui Wang were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 32101491, 32171752 and 31830015), fellowships of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022 T150375 and 2021 M701968) and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant number XDB15010301). G.Z. acknowledges sup-port from the Humbodlt Research Foundation. M.D-B. acknowl-edges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D-B. is also supported by a pro-ject of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el de-sarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879. (ANDABIOMA)Peer reviewe
Migration pocesses of accession to the Schengen area
No full textThe author discloses the reason of illegal immigration, analyses dangers of illegal immigration for Lithuania and for the Shengen area too in this work. Moreover, the author reviews trends of illegal immigration in the Shengen area, analyses system of institutions in Lithuania which are fighting with illegal immigration and opportunities of illegal immigration prevention for these institutions. Problems for State Border Guard Service in fight with illegal immigration by outer and inner borders with European Union are investigated and the problems of immigrants legalization in Lithuania and in the Shengen area are summarized in this work.Migracija pati savaime nėra neigiamas socialinis reiškinys, tačiau dažnai gali peraugti ir į nelegalią migraciją. Asmenų migracija tampa nelegali tuomet, kai įstatymų leidėjas nustato, jog ji yra nepageidaujama bei neteisėta. Nelegali migracija – labai paplitęs socialinis reiškinys, turintis didžiulę neigiamą įtaką valstybėms, į kurią vyksta nelegalūs migrantai, taip pat valstybėms, per kurias jie vyksta. Valstybės susiduria su ekonominėmis, politinėmis, kriminalinėmis bei kitomis problemomis. Lietuva - ne išimtis. Lietuvos Respublika savo geografine padėtimi (Europos Sąjungos išorinė siena su Baltarusijos Respublika bei Rusijos Federacijos Kaliningrado sritimi, patogus susisiekimas su Vakarų Europa per Lenkijos Respubliką ar per Baltijos jūros uostus) labai patraukli nelegaliems migrantams. Be to, Lietuvos Respublikai 2007 m. gruodžio 21d., prisijungus prie Šengeno erdvės ir panaikinus kontrolę prie vidinių sienų, asmenys, taip pat ir nelegalūs migrantai, įgijo teisę vidines sienas kirsti bet kurioje vietoje ir pasienio tikrinimai jiems nėra atliekami. Pasienio tikrinimų prie vidinių sienų atsisakymas neišvengiamai sąlygoja saugumo stoką, nes valstybės narės praranda svarbią nacionalinę priemonę, leidžiančią kontroliuoti į šalį atvykstančius asmenis ir nustatyti jų asmens tapatybę. Šiam saugumo trūkumui kompensuoti į Šengeno acquis, kaip atsvara, įtraukti specialūs reikalavimai, kontrolės metodai ir mechanizmai, numatytos už vidaus saugumą atsakingų institucijų bendradarbiavimo formos
Regenerated woody plants influence soil microbial communities in a subtropical forest
No full text10 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 3 tablas.- referencias.- upplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.104890Forests are critical for supporting multiple ecosystem services such as climate change mitigation. Microbial diversity in soil provides important functions to maintain and regenerate forest ecosystems, and yet a critical knowledge gap remains in identifying the linkage between attributes of regenerated woody plant (RWP) communities and the diversity patterns of soil microbial communities in subtropical plantations. Here, we investigated the changes in soil microbial communities and plant traits in a nine hectare Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata; CF) plantation to assess how non-planted RWP communities regulate soil bacterial and fungal diversity, and further explore the potential mechanisms that structure their interaction. Our study revealed that soil bacterial richness was positively associated with RWP richness, whereas soil fungal richness was negatively associated with RWP basal area. Meanwhile, RWP richness was positively correlated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal richness but negatively correlated with the richness of both pathogenic and saprotrophic fungi, suggesting that the RWP-fungal richness relationship was trophic guild-specific. Soil microbial community beta diversity (i.e., dissimilarity in community composition) was strongly coupled with both RWP beta diversity and the heterogeneity of RWP basal area. Our study highlights the importance of community-level RWP plant attributes for the regulation of microbial biodiversity in plantation systems, which should be considered in forest management programs in the future.This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD2201301 and 2022YFF1303003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20612), and the Key Project of Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation of China (20224ACB205003).Peer reviewe
Mycorrhiza-dependent drivers of the positive rhizosphere effects on the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
No full textTree roots and their fungal symbionts mediate the response of rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition to climate warming, specifically the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10), which is a critical parameter for projecting the magnitude of terrestrial soil C-climate feedbacks. However, the intensity of the rhizosphere effects (RE; rhizosphere soils vs. bulk soils) on Q10 in forest soils associated with different mycorrhizal groups and their seasonal dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we selected nine tree species associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in subtropical forests of China and collected bulk soil and rhizosphere soil in both the warm and cold seasons to explore the RE on Q10, respectively. Our results showed a positive RE on Q10 (ranging from 20.1% to 87.5%) for all tree species, independent of the season. For EM tree species, the RE on Q10 was 64.5% higher in the warm season and 44.4% higher in the cold season, compared to AM tree species. The RE on Q10 of AM and EM tree species was 44.8% and 65.0% larger in the warm season than that in the cold season, respectively. Fine root traits (including biomass, the carbon to nitrogen ratio, and soluble sugar content) predominantly controlled the RE on Q10 in AM-dominated forests, whereas the RE on soil properties (such as NH4+ and C availability) dominantly governed the RE on Q10 in EM-dominated forests. Furthermore, the RE on Q10 was also positively correlated with the RE on soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids in both AM- and EM-dominated forests. These findings suggest that rhizosphere soils in EM-dominated forests are more susceptible to C losses under climate warming than those in AM-dominated forests, compared to their respective bulk soils, potentially limiting rhizosphere SOC sequestration. The greater vulnerability of EM-dominated forests underscores the importance of accounting for root-soil interactions, mycorrhizal associations, and seasonal dynamics in C-climate models to improve predictions of SOC cycling and its feedback to global warming.National Natural Science Foundation of China. https://ror.org/01h0zpd94Description of the data and file structure
RE, rhizosphere effects; e.g., RE on TN indicated the rhizosphere effect on soil total nitrogen
Q10, temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition
TN, soil total nitrogen content
SOC, soil organic carbon content
WEOC, water-extractable organic carbon content
LOC, labile organic carbon content
ROC, recalcitrant organic carbon content
AP, available phosphorus content
PPO, polyphenol oxidase activity
UE, urease activity
βGC, β-glucosidase activity
CL, cellulase activity
ACP, acid phosphatase activity
NAG, N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
LAP, leucine aminopeptidase activity
Total B, total bacterial phospholipid fatty acid
Total F, total fungal phospholipid fatty acid
Brichness, bacterial richness
Frichness, fungal richness
FRB, fine root biomas
Mycorrhiza-dependent drivers of the positive rhizosphere effects on the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
No full textTree roots and their fungal symbionts mediate the response of rhizosphere soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition to climate warming, specifically the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10), which is a critical parameter for projecting the magnitude of terrestrial soil C-climate feedbacks. However, the intensity of the rhizosphere effects (RE; rhizosphere soils vs. bulk soils) on Q10 in forest soils associated with different mycorrhizal groups and their seasonal dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we selected nine tree species associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi in subtropical forests of China and collected bulk soil and rhizosphere soil in both the warm and cold seasons to explore the RE on Q10, respectively. Our results showed a positive RE on Q10 (ranging from 20.1% to 87.5%) for all tree species, independent of the season. For EM tree species, the RE on Q10 was 64.5% higher in the warm season and 44.4% higher in the cold season, compared to AM tree species. The RE on Q10 of AM and EM tree species was 44.8% and 65.0% larger in the warm season than that in the cold season, respectively. Fine root traits (including biomass, the carbon to nitrogen ratio, and soluble sugar content) predominantly controlled the RE on Q10 in AM-dominated forests, whereas the RE on soil properties (such as NH4+ and C availability) dominantly governed the RE on Q10 in EM-dominated forests. Furthermore, the RE on Q10 was also positively correlated with the RE on soil microbial phospholipid fatty acids in both AM- and EM-dominated forests. These findings suggest that rhizosphere soils in EM-dominated forests are more susceptible to C losses under climate warming than those in AM-dominated forests, compared to their respective bulk soils, potentially limiting rhizosphere SOC sequestration. The greater vulnerability of EM-dominated forests underscores the importance of accounting for root-soil interactions, mycorrhizal associations, and seasonal dynamics in C-climate models to improve predictions of SOC cycling and its feedback to global warming.National Natural Science Foundation of China. https://ror.org/01h0zpd94Description of the data and file structure
RE, rhizosphere effects; e.g., RE on TN indicated the rhizosphere effect on soil total nitrogen
Q10, temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition
TN, soil total nitrogen content
SOC, soil organic carbon content
WEOC, water-extractable organic carbon content
LOC, labile organic carbon content
ROC, recalcitrant organic carbon content
AP, available phosphorus content
PPO, polyphenol oxidase activity
UE, urease activity
βGC, β-glucosidase activity
CL, cellulase activity
ACP, acid phosphatase activity
NAG, N-acetylglucosaminidase activity
LAP, leucine aminopeptidase activity
Total B, total bacterial phospholipid fatty acid
Total F, total fungal phospholipid fatty acid
Brichness, bacterial richness
Frichness, fungal richness
FRB, fine root biomas
Harmless disposal and resource utilization for secondary aluminum dross: A review
No full textSecondary aluminum dross (SAD) is solid waste of primary aluminum dross extracted aluminum, which contains approximately 40–60 wt% alumina, 10–30 wt% aluminum nitride (AlN), 5–15 wt% salts and other components. The salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride and fluorine salts. SAD has dual attributes as resource and pollutant. SAD landfill disposal has the disadvantages of occupying land, wasting resources, a high cost and great environmental impact. SAD utilization methods are currently pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In pyrometallurgy, AlN is oxidized and the salts are evaporated at high temperature. After mixing, molding and calcination, firebricks and ceramics can be manufactured from SAD. In hydrometallurgy, AlN is hydrolyzed and salts are dissolved in water. After dissolving, filtrating, precipitating, washing and calcination, γ-Al2O3 can be prepared from SAD. Resource consumption and emission from both utilization methods were assessed. A ton of magnesium aluminum titanate based ceramics by pyrometallurgy consumes 1043 kg raw materials and releases 69 kg of waste gas, 4.17 t of waste water and no solid waste. A ton of γ-Al2O3 by hydrometallurgy consumes 3389 kg raw materials and releases 111 kg of waste gas, 12.98 t of waste water and 267 kg of solid waste. Therefore, the resource consumption and emission of SAD utilization by pyrometallurgy is lower than that by hydrometallurgy. We should focus on reducing the emission of the three wastes from pyrometallurgy. We are sure that SAD can be utilized for glass ceramics by pyrometallurgy. AlN and salts can be transformed into alumina and glass phases at high temperature with no emission. We should clarify mechanisms for SAD composition adjustment to lower the glass ceramics\u27 melting point, AlN and salts transformed into alumina and glass phases respectively, and nucleation and crystal growth of glass ceramics at high temperature
A Low-Complexity Block Diagonalization Algorithm for MU-MIMO Two-Way Relay Systems with Complex Lattice Reduction
No full textWe design a scheme of precoding matrices for two-way multiuser relay systems, where a multiantenna relay station (RS) operating in an amplify-and-forward model simultaneously receives information from all multiple-antenna users. Considering the feasibility in mathematical analysis, users are distributed in two symmetrical groups. To reduce the complexity of proposed precoding scheme, we employ the QR decomposition and complex lattice reduction (CLR) transform to replace the two times singular value decomposition (SVD) of conventional BD-based precoding algorithm by introducing a combined channel inversion to eliminate the multiple users interference (MUI). Simulation and performance analysis demonstrate that the proposed LR-MMSE algorithm has not only a better bit error rate (BER) performance, a higher sum-rate, and simple architecture, but also 89.8% and 35.5% less complexity compared to BD- and MMSE-based scheme
- …
