1,721,015 research outputs found
Can state health investment prevent chronic diseases among older people in China?
No full textChina has the largest ageing population in the world. Since 2011, China has achieved nearly universal coverage of health insurance for older people; however, insufficient provision of health insurance and its unequal distribution according to different health insurance schemes among elderly people in China are likely to have considerable impact on the health outcomes of its fast-growing ageing population. This study investigates the effects of health investment from government on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) prevention initiatives and health inequalities among elderly people in China. This study will use the micro level dataset (individual) from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2014 (7,192 respondents) and macro level (province) dataset from Chinese Statistics Yearbook. At the individual level, we study the effect of different health insurance schemes on health outcomes among older people to understand how different rates of reimbursement of medical services from health different insurance schemes could contribute health inequalities in later life; at the province level, health investment (i.e. health service, health facilities) from the state vary across China, we study whether the effect of state health investment could mediate the health inequalities among older people according to different health insurance schemes. The results of the study will help us better understand how to promote health equal of older people in later life in China: by universal coverage of health insurance, or by improve state health investment
The effectiveness of health investment on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among older people in China: a multilevel study
No full textNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are common among older people and have been found to increase the risks of health. An effective health investment could prevent health deterioration and reduce health inequalities among older people. Since 2011, China has achieved nearly universal coverage of health insurance for older people. However, different levels of economic development across China and different health insurance schemes among older people have determined the unequal distribution of health investments for older people which could result in increment of health inequalities. This study uses the micro level (individual) from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey 2014 (6,455 respondents) linked with macro level (province) data from Chinese Statistics Yearbook to explore the effectiveness of health investment on NCDs among older people in China. At the individual level, we study the effect of different health insurance schemes on number of chronic diseases among older people to understand how different rates of reimbursement of medical services from health different insurance schemes could contribute health inequalities in later life; at the province level, health investment from the state vary across China, we study whether the effect of state health investment could mediate the health inequalities among older people. The results show that different health insurance schemes have different effect on number of chronic diseases among older people; Province with higher percentage of public health expenditure in revenue is associated with less number of chronic diseases among older people. This implicates that health investment from government has prevent health deterioration among older people in China
Changes in living arrangements and mortality among older people in China
No full textLiving arrangements in later life are dynamic, with changes associated with life events such as widowhood or moves into an institution. Previous research has found particular changes in living arrangements to be associated with an elevated risk of mortality. However, research in this area within the context of China is limited, despite China being home to the world’s largest population of older people. This study investigates the impact of changes in living arrangements on older persons’ survival using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2011. The original sample was 16,064 in 2002, and this study includes 6,191 individuals who survived in 2005 and had complete information of track record in later waves. Living arrangements are examined between 2002 and 2005. Cox-proportional hazards models are then used to investigate the association between the dynamics of living arrangements and respondents’ survival status in 2008 and in 2011/12. Men and women who lived in an institution in both 2002 and 2005, or who moved into an institution from living with family faced a greater risk of dying compared to those continuing to live with family. By contrast, continuing to live with family or alone, or moving between living with family and living alone, were not associated with an increased mortality risk, although there were some differences by gender. The institutional care sector in China is still in its infancy, with provision based on ability to pay market fees rather than need associated with age-related function impairment. The finding that living in, or moving into, an institution is associated with a high mortality risk therefore requires further investigation in the context of a rapidly changing Chinese society
Intergenerational transfers and informal care for disabled elderly persons in China: evidence from CHARLS
Full text linkAiming at ‘ageing healthier and ageing better’, a certain amount of high-quality informal care should be available for elderly persons with physical disability as formal care is barely accessible in China. The demographic transition and family structural changes have dramatically weakened traditional norms of filial piety and the structure of intergenerational transfers. This article employed nationwide representative data from the first wave (2011) of Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in order to identify the duration of informal care provision at home for frail elders (1122 in rural areas and 577 in urban areas, total 1699), measured in monthly hours, before estimating the associations between intergenerational transfers and the received time of informal care with Tobit Model analysis. Results showed that financial support from the younger generation was unexpectedly negatively associated with the monthly hours of care, implying a reduction of caring support along with increasing financial transfers towards older parents. The lack of informal care could not be compensated by having more children, co-residing with children, or increasing the parent-to-child/grandchild transfers. Spouses were shown to replace children as the major caregivers. In addition, the community-based long-term care system needs to be promoted to sustain and develop informal care, as the latter will become increasingly important with changing family dynamics. Finally, the received time of informal care, rather than the severity of physical disability measured by difficulty with ADLs or IADLs, was introduced to identify the actual demand for care by elders. The paper argues that it is important to reconceptualise and re-investigate the duration of care provision in the Chinese context in order to develop standards of payment as part of long-term care policies
Social trust, interpersonal trust and self-rated health in China:a multi-level study
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Trust is important for health at both the individual and societal level. Previous research using Western concepts of trust has shown that a high level of trust in society can positively affect individuals' health; however, it has been found that the concepts and culture of trust in China are different from those in Western countries and research on the relationship between trust and health in China is scarce.METHOD: The analyses use data from the national scale China General Social Survey (CGSS) on adults aged above 18 in 2005 and 2010. Two concepts of trust ("out-group" and "in-group" trust) are used to examine the relationship between trust and self-rated health in China. Multilevel logistical models are applied, examining the trust at the individual and societal level on individuals' self-rated health.RESULTS: In terms of interpersonal trust, both "out-group" and "in-group" trust are positively associated with good health in 2005 and 2010. At the societal level, the relationships between the two concepts of trust and health are different. In 2005, higher "out-group" social trust (derived from trust in strangers) is positively associated with better health; however, higher "in-group" social trust (derived from trust in most people) is negatively associated with good health in 2010. The cross-level interactions show that lower educated individuals (no education or only primary level), rural residents and those on lower incomes are the most affected groups in societies with higher "out-group" social trust; whereas people with lower levels of educational attainment, a lower income, and those who think that most people can be trusted are the most affected groups in societies with higher "in-group" social trust.CONCLUSION: High levels of interpersonal trust are of benefit to health. Higher "out-group" social trust is positively associated with better health; while higher "in-group" social trust is negatively associated with good health. Individuals with different levels of educational attainment are affected by trust differently.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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