59,583 research outputs found
An analytical demonstration of coupling schemes between magnetohydrodynamic codes and eddy current codes
No full textIn order to model a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability that strongly couples to external conducting structures (walls and/or coils) in a fusion device, it is often necessary to combine a MHD code solving for the plasma response, with an eddy current code computing the fields and currents of conductors. We present a rigorous proof of the coupling schemes between these two types of codes. One of the coupling schemes has been introduced and implemented in the CARMA code {[}R. Albanese, Y. Q. Liu, A. Portone, G. Rubinacci, and F. Villone, IEEE Trans. Magn. 44, 1654 (2008); A. Portone, F. Villone, Y. Q. Liu, R. Albanese, and G. Rubinacci, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 50, 085004 (2008)] that couples the MHD code MARS-F {[}Y. Q. Liu, A. Bondeson, C. M. Fransson, B. Lennartson, and C. Breitholtz, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681 (2000)] and the eddy current code CARIDDI {[}R. Albanese and G. Rubinacci, Adv. Imaging Electron Phys. 102, 1 (1998)]. While the coupling schemes are described for a general toroidal geometry, we give the analytical proof for a cylindrical plasma
Relationship between size and mass transfer resistance in aerobic granules
No full textAims:? to investigate the size effect of aerobic granules on mass transfer efficiency by introducing the effective factor and the modified Thiele modulus.Methods and results:? batch experiments of aerobic granules with different sizes were conducted to study the size effect of granules on mass transfer resistance. Results showed that both specific substrate removal and biomass growth rates were size dependent, i.e. reduced rates were observed at big sizes. It was found that the diffusion resistance described by the effective factor and the Thiele modulus increased with the increase of the size of aerobic granules.Conclusions:? the effective factor should be controlled at values higher than 0·44 and the Thiele modulus lower than 1·05 for efficient mass transfer in aerobic granules.Significance and impact of the study:? based on the coupled effective factor and Thiele modulus, an operation guidance including granule radius, kinetics of biomass and environmental conditions could be proposed for stable aerobic granulatio
q-Differential equations for q-classical polynomials and q-Jacobi-Stirling numbers
No full textWe introduce, characterise and provide a combinatorial interpretation for the so-called q-Jacobi–Stirling numbers.
This study is motivated by their key role in the (reciprocal) expansion of any power of a second order
q-differential operator having the q-classical polynomials as eigenfunctions in terms of other even order operators,
which we explicitly construct in this work. The results here obtained can be viewed as the q-version of
those given by Everitt et al. and by the first author, whilst the combinatorics of this new set of numbers is a
q-version of the Jacobi–Stirling numbers given by Gelineau and the second author
Are Chinese loess deposits essentially continuous?
No full textWe conducted a paleomagnetic examination of the last glacial loess of three representative profiles along an east-west transect in the central Loess Plateau in order to assess the continuity of Chinese loess. The results show that the Xifeng and Luochuan profiles record the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion but with different morphologies. Together with the published results from Weinan, southern plateau, our results suggest that sedimentation of the last glacial loess in the central-southern plateau was continuous at the time scale equivalent to the duration of the Laschamp excursion (~2 kyr), but probably episodic at finer time scales (<2 kyr). No geomagnetic excursion was found at the Yichuan profile near the Yellow River valley, where loess accumulation may be strongly affected by local environmental changes and thus may have been discontinuous. Both site location and time scale therefore need to be considered when considering continuity of Chinese loess.<br/
Cancellation of drift kinetic effects between thermal and energetic particles on the resistive wall mode stabilization
No full textDrift kinetic stabilization of the resistive wall mode (RWM) is computationally investigated using MHD-kinetic hybrid code MARS-K following the non-perturbative approach (Liu et al 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 112503), for both reversed field pinch (RFP) and tokamak plasmas. Toroidal precessional drift resonance effects from trapped energetic ions (EIs) and various kinetic resonances between the mode and the guiding center drift motions of thermal particles are included into the self-consistent toroidal computations. The results show cancellation effects of the drift kinetic damping on the RWM between the thermal particles and EIs contributions, in both RFP and tokamak plasmas, even though each species alone can provide damping and stabilize RWM instability by respective kinetic resonances. The degree of cancellation generally depends on the EIs equilibrium distribution, the particle birth energy, as well as the toroidal flow speed of the plasma
studies of the internal rotation of ethylene in the Ar-ethylene and Ne-ethylene van der Waals complexes
No full textRotational spectra of the weakly bound complexes Ar-ethylene and Ne-ethylene were measured with a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the range from 3.5 to 26 GHz. Spectra of five isotopomers of Ar-ethylene, namely Ar-C2H4, Ar-(C2H4)-C-13, Ar-C2D4, Ar-trans-1,2-C2D2H2, and Ar-cis-1,2-C2D2H2, and of eight isotopomers of Ne-ethylene, namely Ne-20-C2H4, Ne-20-C2D4, Ne-20-trans-1,2-C2D2H2, Ne-20-cis-1,2-C2D2H2, Ne-22-C2H4, Ne-22-C2D4, Ne-22-trans-1,2-C2D2H2, and Ne-22-cis-1,2-C2D2H2, were assigned and analyzed. The spectra are in accord with T-shaped, planar structures, where the rage gas atoms are located on the b-principal inertial axis of the ethylene monomer. For isotopomers containing C2H4, (C2H4)-C-13, C2D4, and trans-1,2-C2D2H2, all observed transitions are doubled due to an internal rotation motion of the ethylene subunit within the complexes. The observed transition intensities are in agreement with nuclear spin statistical weights obtained from molecular symmetry group analyses under the assumption of an internal rotation of the ethylene unit about the C=C bond, i.e., the out-of-plane motion. The observation of K-a=1, m=0 transitions in Ne-trans-1,2-C2D2H2 provides further proof that the out-of-plane motion is responsible for the observed tunneling splittings. Information about the energy level ordering of the K-a=1, m=0 and K-a=0, m=1 states was obtained from the rotational spectra of the Ne-trans-1,2-C2D2H2 isotopomers. Electronic structure calculations of Ne-C2H4 were done at the CCSD(T) level of theory with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set for all atoms, supplemented with bond functions. The global minimum is at the T-shaped, planar configuration, with a distance of R=3.55 A between the Ne atom and the center-of-mass of ethylene and a well depth of -81.5 cm-1. One-dimensional minimum potential energy paths for possible internal rotation motions were determined. The results confirm that the out-of-plane motion is the preferred internal motion. The out-of-plane minimum potential energy path was used to determine the energy difference between the two lowest tunneling states using the one-dimensional flexible model by Meyer [R. Meyer, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 76, 266 (1979)]. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics
Electronic health records and improved nursing management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Corrigendum]
No full textLiu F, Zou Y, Huang Q, Zheng L, Wang W. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2015;9:495–500.On page 495, author affiliations and correspondence sections “The First Affiliated College of Medicine, Zhejiang University” should be “The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University”.Read the original articl
Supplementary_Table_abstract - miR-191 is involved in renal dysfunction in arsenic-exposed populations by regulating inflammatory response caused by arsenic from burning arsenic-contaminated coal
No full textSupplementary_Table_abstract for miR-191 is involved in renal dysfunction in arsenic-exposed populations by regulating inflammatory response caused by arsenic from burning arsenic-contaminated coal by Y Xu, Z Zou, Y Liu, Q Wang, B Sun, Q Zeng, Q Liu and A Zhang in Human & Experimental Toxicology</p
Genetics of Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. 2. Genetic variation within and between two provenance samples
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