50,604 research outputs found
He jian Liu shi shu mu kao
No full text陳熙晉撰]附: 河間劉氏書目考.劉氏指劉炫.In oriental style.Chen Xijin zhuan]Fu: He jian Liu shi shu mu kao.Liu shi zhi Liu Xuan
Xilithus xiaojing Liu & Li 2022
No full textXilithus xiaojing Liu & Li, 2022 (ṁĦẇdzff) Figs 85–86 Acrolithus xiaojing Liu & Li, 2022: 354, Suppl. 2: 15, figs 14A–F, 15A–H, 16A–D, 20E. Xilithus xiaojing Lin, Li & Pham, 2023: 57. Material examined. 1 ♁ 2♀, CHINA: Hunan Province: Chenzhou City, Rucheng County, Jiulongjiang National Forest Park, Qinglong Gorge Scenic Spot (25.394029°N, 113.785765°E, 300 m a.s.l.), 12 May 2018, leg. Yannan Mu. Diagnosis. See Liu et al. 2022a. Description. See Liu et al. 2022a. Habitus and genitalia in Figs 85–86. Distribution. China (Hunan and Jiangxi provinces). Remark. This species is recorded from Hunan Province for the first time.Published as part of Mu, Yannan & Zhang, Feng, 2023, 5338, pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 5338 (1) on pages 100-101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/828373
Ligand-Specific Regulation of the Endogenous Mu-Opioid Receptor by Chronic Treatment with Mu-Opioid Peptide Agonist
No full textSince the discovery of the endomorphins (EM), the postulated endogenous peptide agonists of the mu-opioid receptors, several analogues have been synthesized to improve their binding and pharmacological profiles. We have shown previously that a new analogue, cis-1S,2R-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid2-endomorphin-2 (ACHC-EM2), had elevated mu-receptor affinity, selectivity, and proteolytic stability over the parent compound. In the present work, we have studied its antinociceptive effects and receptor regulatory processes. ACHC-EM2 displayed a somewhat higher (60%) acute antinociceptive response than the parent peptide, EM2 (45%), which peaked at 10 min after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration in the rat tail-flick test. Analgesic tolerance developed to the antinociceptive effect of ACHC-EM2 upon its repeated icv injection that was complete by a 10-day treatment. This was accompanied by attenuated coupling of mu-sites to G-proteins in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Also, the density of mu-receptors was upregulated by about 40% in the light membrane fraction, with no detectable changes in surface binding. Distinct receptor regulatory processes were noted in subcellular fractions of rat brains made tolerant by the prototypic full mu-agonist peptide, DAMGO, and its chloromethyl ketone derivative, DAMCK. These results are discussed in light of the recently discovered phenomenon, that is, the “so-called biased agonism” or “functional selectivity
Estimation of evapotranspiration in the Mu Us Sandland of China
No full textEvapotranspiration (ET) was estimated from 1981–2005 over Wushen County located in the Mu Us Sandland, China, by applying the Advection-Aridity model, which is based on the complementary relationship hypothesis. We used National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and meteorological data. Our results show that the estimated daily ET was about 4.5% higher than measurements using an Eddy Covariance (EC) system after forcing energy balance closure over an alfalfa field from 22 July 2004 to 23 August 2004. At a regional scale, the estimated monthly ET was about 8.7% lower than measurements using the EC system after forcing energy balance closure over an alfalfa field in August 2004. These results were about 3.0% higher than ET measurements by microlysimeter over sand dunes during June 1988. From 1981 to 2005, the average annual ET and precipitation levels were 287 mm and 336 mm, respectively, in Wushen County. The average annual ET varied from 230 mm in western parts of Wushen County to 350 mm in eastern parts of the county. Both inter-annual and seasonal variations in ET were substantial in Wushen County. The annual ET was 200–400 mm from 1981–2005, and the seasonal pattern of ET showed a single peak distribution. The cumulative ET during the June–September 2004 period was 250 mm, which was 87% of the total annual ET. The annual ET, precipitation, and the maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI<sub>max</sub>) showed positive correlations temporally and spatially
Liu Yi-chang wen ku mu lu
No full textBen shu mu wei xiang gang zhi ming wen xue zuo jia liu yi chang di yi ci juan zeng gei xiang gang zhong yang tu shu guan de shu kan de mu lu. qi nei rong da bu fen wei xiang gang wen xue zhu zuo yi ji yi bu fen hai wai hua wen wen xue zuo pi
Jessopocoris aterovittatus Mu & Liu, 2012, sp. nov.
No full textJessopocoris aterovittatus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, 9–12) Type specimens: Holotype: male, CHINA: Longsheng Ethnic Autonomous County (25 ° 50 'N, 110 ° 1 'E), Guilin City, Guangxi Province, 28. VIII. 1964, Liang-chen Wang leg. Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, 3 females, same data as above, Sheng-li Liu leg. Diagnosis: Recognized by the short, semirecumbent and curved setae on pronotum, the yellow mediolongitudinal carina on the posterior lobe of pronotum, and completely yellow to yellow-brown antennal segments. Jessopocoris aterovittatus is most similar in appearance to J. scutellatus, but distinguished from the latter by the total length of antennal segments III and IV being 2.1 x shorter than segment II, and the concolorous anterior lobe of pronotum. Description: Male (Fig. 1): Body small, elongate, hemelytra weakly constricted laterally. Coloration: Head: black brown to reddish brown, shinning; clypeus dark brown; mandibular plate, maxillary plate and buccula yellow-brown; labial segments I and II yellow, segments III and IV brown, apex black-brown; eyes black; antennal segments I and II pale yellow, the latter darker at apex, segments III and IV dark brown. Thorax: Pronotum black-brown, shining, anterior margin pale yellow-brown; calli shining; yellow longitudinal carina along median of posterior lobe; exposed part of scutellum yellow-brown with apex paler; clavus blackbrown, paler at middle of outer portion; corium pale yellow, semitransparent, with medial brown maculation extending to lateralmargin of hemelytra; embolium yellow; cuneus brown with interior margin relatively pale; membrane pale infuscate, semitransparent, vein and cell brown; propleuron brown, anterior portion of posterior lobe light brown; meso- and metathoracic pleuron yellow-brown to black-brown; legs pale yellow, apex of tarsi brown, claw black-brown; ostiolar peritreme yellow-white. Abdomen: Brown, with transverse dark brown bands on segments. Vestiture: Dorsum covered with suberect pale brown simple setae; setae of antennal segments II–IV longer than diameter of segment II, the setae of the pronotum semirecumbent, curved and shorter than the setae on antennal segment II, and abdomen covered with recumbent simple setae. Structure: Head: Transverse in dorsal view, width 3.3 –4.0x its length, nearly vertical; vertex width 2.1–2.5 x eye width, without posterior margin carina, weakly punctate excluding smooth median; frons and clypeus weakly convex in lateral view, clypeus not visible from above; mandibular plate broadly triangular, weakly convex; rostrum stout, apex nearly reaching anterior margin of mesocoxa; eyes small, suborbicular in dorsal view; antenna slender, length segment I greater than the width head, segment I incrassate in the middle, diameter at widest point greater than diameter of metatibiae, segment II straight, length segment II 2.1–2.4 x segment I, width equal to the base of segment I, apex weakly thicker, segments III and IV curved, thinner than segment II, total length 1.3–1.5 x segment II length. Thorax: Pronotum campaniform, shining, densely and coarsely punctate except for impunctate calli, anterior lobe narrowed and flattened, anterior margin straight, lateral margin constricted mesially, calli slightly convex and not contingous; posterior lobe prominent, with a narrow longitudinal carina, posteriolateral angles rounded, weakly flattened and tilted dorsally, posterior margin medially concave; propleuron bifid, densely and coarsely punctate, lower half of anterior lobe laterally expanded, visible in dorsal view; exposed part of scutellum triangular, sparsely and shallowly punctate, weakly elevated except the apex; hemelytra smooth, flattened in lateral view; clavus broad, with a longitudinal carina, extending from base of inner angle to apex of outer margin (Fig. 5); embolium weakly broader mesially; costal fracture inconspicuous, hemelytra weakly deflexed at fracture; cuneus long and narrow, length 1.7–2.1 x basal width; membrane prolonged, cell triangular; apex of femur slightly incrassate; tarsi 2 -segmented, segment II longer than segment I, apex incrassate; ostiolar peritreme slender. Male genitalia (Figs. 7, 9– 12): Pygophore brown, covered with suberect pale brown simple setae, length approximately 1 / 6 of abdomen length, left side of pygophore opening with a small protuberance anterior to base of left paramere (Fig. 7). Aedeagus relatively small (Fig. 12); left paramere large, curved, posterior arm extended, with one protuberance mesially, apex sharp, sensory lobe broad, blunt apically, covered with long hairs (Figs. 9– 11); right paramere absent. Female (Fig. 2): Body surface and coloration similar to male; cuneus smaller and narrower than male. Distribution. China (Guangxi). Etymology. Named for the transverse black band in the middle of hemelytra.Published as part of Mu, Yi-Ran & Liu, Guo-Qing, 2012, New Records of the Genus Jessopocoris Carvalho, 1981 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae), with Descriptions of Two New Species Found in China, pp. 47-54 in Zootaxa 3573 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28301
Otacilia wugongshanica Liu 2020
No full textOtacilia wugongshanica Liu, 2020 (ǨĖƜŴṚff) Otacilia wugongshanica Liu, 2020: 17, fig. 12–14; Liu et al., 2022: Suppl. 2: 68, figs 128C, 137J, 138J, 139J, 140J, 141K, 142K, 143K. Otacilia dawushan Liu & Li, 2022: 354, Suppl. 2: 50, figs 75– 77, 125E –F. syn. nov. Otacilia xingguo Liu & Li, 2022: 355, Suppl. 2: 72, figs 116, 129. syn. nov. Otacilia zhonglong Liu & Li, 2022: 355, Suppl. 2: 74, figs 120–124. syn. nov. Comments: With the discovery of Otacilia species, our study found that the difference between O. dawushan and O. wugongshanica exists in the abdominal color pattern, the angle of the retrolateral tibial apophysis curvature, and the size of the sclerotized fovea on the epigynal plate. The differences between O. zhonglong and O. dawushan are only based on the abdominal color pattern and curvature of the retrolateral tibial apophysis. The differences between O. xingguo and O. zhonglong are recorded as “…by the ventral abdomen lacking an H-shaped dark brown mark (Fig. 116C) (vs present) and the connecting tubes are transverse posteriorly (Fig. 116D) (vs obliquely)” by Liu & Li (2022). Our study found that these four species share the same characteristics in the male palp and female epigyne, e.g., the shape of the embolus, tegular apophysis, retrolateral tibial apophysis, and femoral apophysis in the male palp, and the atrium, median septum, copulatory openings, copulatory ducts, connecting tubes, and spermathecae in the female epigyne. As a result, we suggest that O. dawushan, O. xingguo, and O. zhonglong should be considered junior synonyms of O. wugongshanica.Published as part of Mu, Yannan & Zhang, Feng, 2023, 5338, pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 5338 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5338.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/828373
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