1,721,128 research outputs found
The role of globalization in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions: a semi-parametric panel data analysis for G7
No full textIn order to provide flexible and comprehensive results about the relationship between globalization and CO2 emissions for the G7 countries, we introduce the KOF globalization index into traditional Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology model, and conduct the empirical analysis by applying a semi-parametric panel fixed effects model. The data covering the period of 1970–2015 consists of CO2 emissions, KOF globalization index, renewable energy consumption and GDP. Our results indicate that the relationship between globalization and CO2 emissions are inverted U-sharped, which strongly support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Furthermore, an increase of economic output is associated with statistically significant growth in CO2 emissions. On the contrary, an increment of renewable energy consumption lowers CO2 emissions. Related policy proposals are then offered according to our empirical results.</p
Identification of New Patterns in Urban Traffic Flows
Full text linkTraffic flow pattern identification, as well as anomaly detection, is known to be an important component for traffic operations and control. Alongside classical applications, mainly, to improve the safety and the comfort of drivers, more recently there is a growing interest in gathering personalised route information to provide customised services. With this latter application in mind, in this paper we investigate the ability of simple macroscopic information (i.e., time varying junction turning probabilities) to identify changes in nominal urban traffic flows, most likely due to the occurrence of external events (e.g., road works or traffic congestions). Some preliminary results obtained with the use of a realistic mobility simulator are also illustrated and discussed, and some candidate applications are briefly outlined
Risk measurement of international oil and gas projects based on the Value at Risk method
No full textInternational oil and gas projects feature high capital-intensity, high risks and contract diversity. Therefore, in order to help decision makers make more reasonable decisions under uncertainty, it is necessary to measure the risks of international oil and gas projects. For this purpose, this paper constructs a probabilistic model that is based on the traditional economic evaluation model, and introduces value at risk (VaR) which is a valuable risk measure tool in finance, and applies VaR to measure the risks of royalty contracts, production share contracts and service contracts of an international oil and gas project. Besides, this paper compares the influences of different risk factors on the net present value (NPV) of the project by using the simulation results. The results indicate: (1) risks have great impacts on the project’s NPV, therefore, if risks are overlooked, the decision may be wrong. (2) A simulation method is applied to simulate the stochastic distribution of risk factors in the probabilistic model. Therefore, the probability is related to the project’s NPV, overcoming the inherent limitation of the traditional economic evaluation method. (3) VaR is a straightforward risk measure tool, and can be applied to evaluate the risks of international oil and gas projects. It is helpful for decision making
Domestic oil and gas or imported oil and gas - an energy return on investment perspective
No full textBoth domestic oil and gas and imported oil and gas are essential to meet the enormous energy demand in China, which is incurred by its rapid economic growth. However, which is better than another? To address this issue, an energy return on investment (EROI) analysis, which is a useful method to evaluate the physical performance of an energy process, is applied. Besides, the EROIs time series of offshore domestic oil and gas and onshore domestic oil and gas are calculated, and the causes of the change tendency of EROIs time series are studied. The EROIs of imported oil and gas from different import countries are also calculated, laying the foundation for optimization of the import structure from an EROI perspective. Moreover, environmental inputs, which cause the externality of an energy process, are also studied. The results show that the EROIs of the entire domestic oil and gas fluctuate between 8.5 and 12, and the EROIs of the imported oil and gas lie in the range between 2.9 and 9.5. We conclude that: 1) The EROIs of domestic oil and gas is higher than those of imported oil and gas, indicating that domestic oil and gas has a higher physical efficiency than imported oil and gas. 2) The change tendency of EROIs is influenced by the extractions of natural gas. Moreover, the EROIs of imported oil and gas are additionally related to oil and gas prices. 3) From an EROI perspective, LNG and pipeline gas are better than imported crude oil. Australia, Kazakhstan, and the USA should be prioritized for China to import LNG, pipeline gas, and crude oil respectively. 4) Environmental inputs reduce the EROIs. Therefore more caution should be paid on the reduction of environmental inputs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Smart Procurement of Naturally Generated Energy (SPONGE) for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Buses
Full text linkWe discuss a recently introduced ECO-driving concept known as smart procurement of naturally generated energy (SPONGE) in the context of plug-in hybrid electric buses. Examples are given to illustrate the benefits of this approach to ECO-driving. Finally, distributed algorithms to realize SPONGE are discussed, paying attention to the privacy implications of the underlying optimization problems
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
执行时间视角下的可再生能源发电项目激励政策优化研究
No full textIn order to realize sustainable development and to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, China needs to promote the development of renewable energy, which is highly related to the incentive policies. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of different incentive policies and to optimize the incentive polices, we apply real option approach to evaluate the renewable energy policies in China: The economics of renewable energy projects in China are firstly studied, corresponding assumptions are proposed, and then real option models are established and solved. The expected execution time and the optimal incentive values with respect to technological levels are also obtained. Then, solar photovoltaic (PV) projects are used as a case study. The results show that: (1) incentive policies are necessary for the development of solar PV projects, however, the current or previous incentive policies exceeds the optimal incentive values; (2) more attractive basic incentive policies should be promulgated if there is a technological progress in the solar industry; (3) from the perspective of the government expenditure, policy effects and technological impacts, the feed-in tariff is the most effective policy, but the corresponding government expenditure is also very large; the price premium policy is also a very effective policy, and the corresponding government expenditure is smaller than that of the feed-in tariff policy; the cost-recovery policy is less attractive than the feed-in tariff and the price premium policy
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