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FIGURE 7 in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 7. Vennustosynnema reniformisporum (from holotype, TNM). a. Host with dead stems and leaves. b. Synnema. c. Apices of conidiophores in the center of a synnema. d. Conidiogenous cell. e. Conidia. Scale bars = 30 µm.Published as part of Kirschner, Roland & Liu, Li-Chia, 2014, Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan, pp. 309-323 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/514449
FIGURE 5 in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 5. Pseudocercospora cyatheae (R. Kirschner 3808). a Host with leaf spots. b. Conidiophores with numerous percurrent extensions arising through a stoma. c. Conidia. Scale bars: b, c = 10 µm.Published as part of Kirschner, Roland & Liu, Li-Chia, 2014, Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan, pp. 309-323 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/514449
FIGURE 4 in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 4. Pseudocercospora athyrii (R. Kirschner 3943). a. Host with leaf spots. b. Epiphyllous conidiophores: stroma with young fascicle of conidiophores erumpent through epidermis (left) and part of a comparatively older fascicle (right). c, d. Hypophyllous conidiophores. c. Conidiophores arising from stoma. d. Conidiophores arising from external hyphae. e. Conidia. Scale bars: b–d = 10 µm, e = 20 µm.Published as part of Kirschner, Roland & Liu, Li-Chia, 2014, Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan, pp. 309-323 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 315, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/514449
FIGURE 8 in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 8. Zasmidium dicranopteridis (from holotype, TNM). a. Conidiophores on external hyphae. b. Conidiophore apex with a percurrent extension, with intercalary and terminal conidiogenous cells and a conidium still attached. c. Conidia. Scale bars: a = 20 µm, b, c = 10 µm.Published as part of Kirschner, Roland & Liu, Li-Chia, 2014, Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan, pp. 309-323 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/514449
FIGURE 2. a–d. Mycosphaerella gleicheniae and Zasmidium dicranopteridis. a–c in Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan
No full textFIGURE 2. a–d. Mycosphaerella gleicheniae and Zasmidium dicranopteridis. a–c. Mycosphaerella gleicheniae, habitus of fresh collections. a. Host with leaf spots (R. Kirschner 3981). b. Leaf spot with ascomata (R. Kirschner 3613). c. Transversal leaf section showing two ascomata with asci stained with cotton blue (R. Kirschner 3613). d. Cultures of M. gleicheniae (left, 44 days old) and Z. dicranopteridis (right, 53 days old) on malt extract agar in 9 cm Petri dishes (collection numbers on Petri dishes). Scale bars: b = 7 mm, c = 80 µm.Published as part of Kirschner, Roland & Liu, Li-Chia, 2014, Mycosphaerellaceous fungi and new species of Venustosynnema and Zasmidium on ferns and fern allies in Taiwan, pp. 309-323 in Phytotaxa 176 (1) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.176.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/514449
Diallyltrisulfide induced G2/M phase growth arrest and apoptosis in oral cancer cells
No full textIn Taiwan, Oral cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population. Despite recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not changed during the past two decades. More researches are needed to develop new therapertic and prevention methodologies to increase overall survival and improve patient’s living quality. Continuous investigation of new chemotherapeutic agents is thus needed. Epidemiological studies support the premise that dietary intake of Allium vegetables (e.g., garlic, onions and so forth) may lower the risk of varies types of cancer. Garlic-derived compounds have been shown to offer protection against oral tumor in animal models induced by carcinogens. Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds (OSCs) including diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) have the ability to suppress proliferation of human cancer cells by causing apoptosis. The different cell lines will be probably end up same or different mechanism of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis. However, the effects of OSCs on oral cancer proliferation is not clearly confirmed.
In our studies, the viability of oral cancer SAS and Ca9-22 cells were reduced upon a 24h exposure to DADS and DATS, however, DATS has better efficiency in inhibiting OSCC proliferation. The data indicated that SAS and Ca9-22 cells were reduced significantly on exposure to DATS in a concentration-dependent manner with each IC50 about 34 μM and 21 μM respectively. Per cell cycle distribution via flow cytometric analysis process, a 3h exposure of SAS cells to DATS (20μM) resulted increasing G2/M fraction. A 12h treatment of SAS cells with DATS resulted in a increase in the fraction of sub-G0/G1 cells. Western blot data showed that DATS treatment increased the protein level of p-Cdk1Tyr15 and Wee1, on the contrary, the protein level of Cdc25C and Cdk1 decreased. Our studies defined the mechanism of DATS-mediated G2 phase arrest, not mitotic arrest. In addition, the protein level alteration of PARP indicated that DATS-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells. Previous studies illustrated that DATS stimulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In our study, DATS-induced apoptosis was decreased in the presence of caspase 8 or caspase 9 inhibitors (Z-LEHD-FMK, Z-IETD-FMK) in SAS and Ca9-22 cells, and the result was more effective when both of caspase 8 and capase 9 inhibitors treated. The data showed that DATS-induced apoptosis by activating intrinsic- and extrinsic-apoptosis pathway. Western blot data confirmed that DATS activates both apoptosis pathway in oral cancer cells with up-regulation of cytochrome c, DR5 and FADD. DATS-induced cell death was inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine in SAS and Ca9-22 cells, indicated that involvement of ROS was an important mechanism for DATS-induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.中文摘要………………………………………………………..III
Abstract………………………………………………………….V
目錄……………………………………....................VII
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………..1
1-1、口腔癌......................................1
1-2、口腔癌之發生與腫瘤的發展過程................3
1-3、細胞凋亡....................................4
1-4、細胞凋亡之分子機制..........................6
1-5、Bcl-2基因家族...............................12
1-6、TNF receptors和death receptors..............15
1-7、細胞週期....................................20
1-8、蔥蒜屬植物之有機硫化合物....................22
第二章 實驗材料與方法................................29
2-1、細胞株培養..................................29
2-2、Sulforhodamine B分析法......................29
2-3、西方墨點法-細胞蛋白質的測定.................30
2-4、Caspase抑制作用.............................33
2-5、分析細胞質內的cytochrome c..................33
2-6、Cell death detection ELISA..................33
2-7、TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)和(4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) DAPI stain........34
2-8、統計分析……………………………..............35
第三章 實驗結果……………………………………..........36
3-1、DATS抑制SAS和Ca9-22細胞生長…………………...36
3-2、DATS對G2/M phase regulators之影響...........38
3-3、DATS誘導apoptosis反應.......................40
3-4、DATS對於apoptosis-related Bcl-2 family members之影響..........42
3-5、DATS誘導extrinsic apoptosis pathway的機制...44
3-6、DATS對ROS之影響.............................45
第四章 討論..........................................77
第五章 參考文獻......................................8
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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