1,721,002 research outputs found
Political brokerage of village leaders in post-reform China
No full textPh.D.The thesis examines the political role of village leaders in post-reform China. Apart from state agent and community representative in the existing literature, I argue that village leaders can also play a role of dual broker, who on the one hand help the state to penetrate the countryside and on the other hand represent peasants to make claims on the state. The dual brokerage model results from the institutional setting village leaders are embedded in. They are linked with the state and villagers via a variety of formal and informal institutions. Besides, agency of village leaders is highly relevant to the model. When the state and peasants are in conflicts, the brokers often need to take strategies to facilitate their bargaining so as to maintain the trust of both clients simultaneously. In this sense, state agent and community representative can be considered as the ineffective dual brokerage.Then, how to explain the effectiveness of the dual brokerage model? I argue that the tax reforms in the early 2000s have made the dual brokerage more likely to succeed, as the reforms changed the state-peasant relations from resource extraction to provision. When villagers expect their leaders to deliver resources from the state, the leaders’ linkage with the state reinforces the linkage with the community. In this regard, the dual brokerage is less inherently conflicting and hence more effective.The research suggests that political brokerage could be an important mechanism to maintain political order in the Chinese countryside by facilitating the constructive bargaining between the state and peasants. Also, it sheds light on the improved state-peasant relations after the tax reforms. However, the relations are essentially more repressive for the peasantry. Finally, it brings our attention to the effects of the changing policy orientation in the Chinese countryside on rural politics.此論文探討改革開放以來中國村幹部扮演的政治角色。我認為除了文獻中提到的國家代理人和社區代言人，村幹部還可以充當雙重中介。他們一方面幫助國家完成任務，一方面代表村民向國家爭取權益。這種雙重中介模型是由村幹部所處的制度環境所決定的。通過各種正式與非正式制度，他們與國家和村民之間同時存在各種連結。除此之外，村幹部的能動性對這一模型也至關重要，因為當國家和農民發生衝突的時候，他們往往需要採取各種策略來促成兩者的討價還價，進而同時維繫他們對自己的信任。在這一意義上，國家代理人和社區代言人可以被視為無效的雙重中介。那么，如何解釋雙重中介模型的有效性？研究認為二十一世紀初的稅費改革導致雙重中介更加有可能成功。這是因為稅費改革後，國家不再向農民收取稅費，反而向他們輸入資源。當農民期望村幹部從國家獲取更多的資源，村幹部與國家的聯結則可以強化他們與社區的聯結。這減少了雙重中介模型的內在衝突，因而提高其有效性。這一研究表明雙重中介模型是維繫中國農村穩定的一個重要機制。並且，它也解釋了為何稅費改革之後國家-農民關係變得更加穩定。然而這種關係對於農民來說並非絕對有益，因為它實質上更加壓制了農民的反抗。最後，研究也呼籲學者更多關注中國農村不斷變遷的政策導向對於鄉村政治的影響。Liu, Jingping."November 2019."Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-127).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, April 2021)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
