1,722,910 research outputs found
Alle radici della società di persone: spunti per la ricostruzione dogmatica delle disposizioni del Codice Civile Cinese
Full text linkIl codice civile cinese, che è entrato in vigore il giorno di Capodanno del 2021, contiene due importanti cambiamenti nelle sue disposizioni sull’istituto della società di persone, rispetto alla legislazione precedente. Uno dei quali è l’affermazione legislativa della soggettività delle società personali commerciali, e l’altro è l’inquadramento dei contratti di società di persone nei contratti singoli. Si sostiene che quest’ultimo si riferisca a un tipo di società di persone di natura puramente contrattuale, indipendente dalle società personali commerciali regolate nella legge singola, derivante direttamente dalla società di persone individuale prevista negli abrogati Principi Generali del Diritto Civile. Tuttavia, vi sono tanti dubbi e problemi riguardanti quell’istituto nel codice civile cinese, che devono essere chiarite, considerando soprattutto delle lacune legislative esistenti in esso. La tesi si occupa della natura della società di persone nel codice civile cinese e del suo regime, soffermandosi sulle caratteristiche dell’istituto della società di persone nella storia e in diversi casi legislativi attraverso metodi di ricerca storica e comparativa, e sulla base delle relative conclusioni, con l’intento di proporre delle soluzioni con riferimento alle lacune possibili esistenti nelle norme del Codice Civile Cinese riguardanti la società di persone, e interpretando le disposizioni poco chiare, e valutando ulteriormente le disposizioni irragionevoli. L’autore della tesi si sostiene che la qualificazione della natura giuridica della società nel codice civile cinese debba essere basata sul diritto empirico, e che le due caratteristiche della società di persone, quella contrattuale e quella dell’ente, non debbano essere separate categoricamente. Il fatto che una società di persone sia formata da un contratto o abbia gli attributi del contratto non esclude la possibilità della sua soggettività giuridica nel diritto civile. Inoltre, l’interpretazione delle regole rilevanti nella società di persone dovrebbe essere equilibrata tra l’efficienza economica dell’istituto giuridico e la sicurezza della transazione commerciale, e tra la regolamentazione giuridica e l’autonomia privata
In vivo study of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in C.elegans
No full textThe Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is an important regulatory mechanism used to control acute protein turnover and scavenge misfolded proteins in numerous cellular processes. (CM Pickart etc 2001). Indeed, the failure of the UPS to remove misfolded proteins is believed to contribute to aging as well as several neurodegenerative disorders. Although recent studies have explored the biochemical function and protein-protein interactions of the UPS, regulated changes in UPS activity have been difficult to observe in vivo in specific tissues as animals develop and age. Here we have employed the GFP reporter UbG76V-GFP, which was developed for monitoring UPS activity (N. P. Dantuma, K etc, 2000), to study the tissue- and age-specific regulation of proteolysis in C. elegans. The UbG76V-GFP reporter contains a mutated ubiquitin fused to GFP, and is a substrate for polyubiquitination and degradation by the 26S proteasome. Here we employ this reporter as a substrate for degradation by UPS activity to study the regulation of proteolysis in intact C. elegans animals. Mutations in the ubiquitin moiety that prevent K48 and K63 polyubiquitin chain addition block turnover of the reporter. Mutations and RNAi treatment that reduce 26S Proteasome activity also block reporter turnover, confirming the in vivo functionality of this UPS reporter. With this reporter we identify several different regulators of the UPS activity. The UFD pathway, including the E3 ligase CHN-1 and the E4 enzyme UFD-2, as well as a new E3 ligase, HECD-1, are required for maintaining UPS activity iii in maturing adults. Mutations that reduce UFD gene activity do not appear to grossly affect larval health, but greatly shorten the lifespan of adult nematodes, suggesting that the UPS activity is critical for long-term viability. We also find that EGF signaling through the Ras-MAPK pathway and the transcription factors EOR-1 and EOR-2 is critical for maintaining UPS activity in adult worms. Animals that fail to maintain their UPS activity at midlife via EGF signaling have a shortened lifespan, whereas animals with over-activated EGF signaling have an increased lifespan. Taken together, our results suggest that the UFD pathway and EGF signaling maintain long-term protein homeostasis by regulating UPS activity in anticipation of aging. We also apply microarray analysis to identify genes that are regulated by the EGF signaling and we find that several F-box proteins and a Skp1 ortholog, which are E3 components, are up-regulated by EGF signaling. Finally, we performed an RNAi library screen for modulators of UPS activity, and we also found that knocking down F-box proteins can suppress the UPS activity. We also tested whether worms had activated their oxidative stress response using the gcs-1::GFP reporter, and we observed accumulation of GFP in the tail and intestine of both hecd-1 and EFG signaling mutant worms. Thus we reach the conclusion the UPS activity might affect life span by regulating oxidative response in worms.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Gang Li
4H-silicon carbide MOSFET interface structure, defect states and inversion layer mobility
No full textSilicon carbide is the only wide band gap semiconductor that has a native oxide, and a leading candidate for development of next-generation, energy efficient, high power metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Progress in this technology has been limited by the semiconductor-dielectric interface structure and its effect on the inversion layer mobility. The major objective of this dissertation is to study and improve 4H-SiC MOSFET interface structure, defect states and inversion layer mobility on the (11-20) crystal face of SiC (a-face), employing nitrogen and phosphorous passivation. We also use these results to explore the effect of reactive ion etching on the a-face, an important aspect of processing optimum power devices. We correlate electrical measurements, i.e. current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) with physical characterization including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and medium energy ion scattering (MEIS). A significant phosphorus induced inversion layer mobility enhancement of ~125 cm2/V-s is achieved, and the revisited effect of NO on the a-face of 4H-SiC yields an impressive mobility of ~85 cm2/V-s. These results indicate that N and P improves the interface both by passivation and by interfacial counter doping, with the latter mechanism more effective on the a-face than the Si-face. Interface trap density (Nit) and the mobility-temperature dependence both indicate coulomb scattering is no longer the limiting factor for the N and P annealed a-face inversion layer mobility. The second major part of this dissertation reports the use of hydrogen annealing to implement the successful recovery of the a-face (11-20) crystal structure and the inversion layer mobility following degradation by reactive ion etching (RIE). The results impact the processing of SiC trench MOSFETs where the a-face sidewall forms a significant portion of the conducting semiconductor channel.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Gang Li
Recovering the “new twin”: Analysis of secondary neodymium sources and recycling potentials in Europe
No full textSustainable management strategies for securing long–term supply of rare earth elements is priority for Europe due to a complex and interlinked production chain and its dependence on Chinese export. Among rare earth elements, neodymium captured most attention due to its essential role in a wide spectrum of applications including green–energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles. Being complementary to primary production, end–of–life recycling would diversify neodymium supply, relieve the Chinese dominance on primary production and contrast the balance problem. However, neodymium recycling at end–of–life is not yet in place. In this work, we developed a dynamic material flow model to investigate neodymium stocks and flows in the EU–28 to 2016. The analysis enabled a detailed investigation of secondary sources of neodymium, which set essential boundary conditions for material recovery and recycling. We found that roughly up to 50% of the annual neodymium demand in the EU–28 could be met by domestic secondary supply, if latent recycling potentials were turned into actual capacity. Significant energy savings and GHG emissions cut could be also attained. However, product design, end–of–life collection, and scrap price issues are primary obstacles to neodymium recovery. Thus, unless going beyong those limits, establishing and maintaining a sustainable recycling chain for neodymium in the EU–28 will remain problematic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Configurable 3D Nanoscale High Aspect Ratio Pillars for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
