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A Cellular-based Multiple Security Architecture for Multimedia Protection using Audio Watermarking
No full text摘要
現今因資訊數位化以及數位複製技術的普及，導致非法未經授權的複製行為猖獗，尤其因音樂光碟之大量盜版，加上目前尚無有效的防止機制，致使唱片工業快速蕭條。在本論文中，我們利用手機在今日的普遍使用和其特性；並在音樂光碟上應用語音浮水印技術，同時使用音軌重疊錄製方法配合加解密技術，提出一以行動電話為基礎的多重安全之多媒體保護技術架構。
因此，合法使用者可藉由手機特性經過註冊和認證取得授權，再經我們所設計之播放設備的憑證比對與確認，啟動播放設備的音訊過濾機制，音樂光碟進而完成合法播放。播放的同時，藉由相關的語音浮水印偵測演算法，查出未經授權光碟的原始擁有者。利用此一架構，以期有效遏阻並降低非法使用行為。Abstract
Nowadays the popularization of duplicate techniques and information digitalization lead to illegal and unauthorized copies run wild, especially one of these is mass music compact disks (CDs) are pirated. The result is the whole multimedia industry depressing rapidly. It is due to the lack of efficient solutions. In this thesis, a cellular-based multiple security architecture using audio watermarking is proposed. We exploited the characteristics and the widespread use of cellular phone, further the audio watermarking be embedded into music. We also used a method that is Audio-Superimposing on audio track incorporated with cryptography technologies.
Therefore, a legal user could get a license file for a particular music CD through authentication and authorization from United Music Certification Authority (UMCA) over user’s cellular phone. Then after the certification verify by the stereo we assumed, the music could pass the audio signal filter to drop additional signal and could be rendered and played. We can find out the original owner of illegal copies while the music playing by using the corresponding audio watermarking detection or extraction algorithm. We expected this proposed scheme to deter and prevent unauthorized uses efficiently.TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………..I
ABSTRACTS………………………………………………………..II
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………..…………………IV
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………VI
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………VII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 BACKGROUND 3
1.2 DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT 5
1.3 THE FEATURES OF CELLULAR PHONES 8
1.4 AUDIO WATERMARKING 12
CHAPTER 2 RELATED WORKS 17
CHAPTER 3 THE OPERATION ENVIRONMENTS 22
3.1 ASSUMPTIONS 22
3.2 OBJECTIVES & CONSIDERATIONS 24
CHAPTER 4 THE PROPOSED SCHEME 26
4.1 NOTATIONS 27
4.2 UNITED MUSIC CERTIFICATION AUTHORITY 29
4.3 PHONE CREDENTIALS 31
4.4 AUDIO SUPERIMPOSING 32
4.5 AUDIO WATERMARKING IN MUSIC 34
4.6 THE ADDITIONAL SIGNAL FILTER 35
4.7 SYSTEM OPERATION 37
CHAPTER 5 SECURITY ISSUES 44
5.1 PROBLEMS 44
5.2 REQUIREMENTS 47
5.3 FUTURE WORK 48
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51
List of Tables
Table 4.1 Definitions of Notations………………………………….28
Lists of Figures
Figure 1.1 DRM is enforced using a protected content file and a license…………..…………………………………….…1
Figure 1.2 Value added services provided by a future SIM card….11
Figure 1.3 Typical audio watermarking schemes…………………13
Figure 1.4 A simple quantization scheme…...…………………….14
Figure 1.5 A typical preprocessing block for detector of the spread -Spectrum watermarking scheme…………..………….15
Figure 1.6 A typical embedder of the spread-spectrum watermarking scheme…………………………………………………16
Figure 2.1 The DRM extensions of Messerges’s scheme………….19
Figure 2.2 Overlapping detection windows…..……………………20
Figure 2.3 Diagram of the typical procedure of automatic monitoring
…………………………………………………………21
Figure 4.1 The architecture of UMCA……………………………..30
Figure 4.2 The cellular credentials…………………………………31
Figure 4.3 The signals of the song A……………………..………..32
Figure 4.4 The additional signals B………………………………..33
Figure 4.5 Overlapping signals for the song A and the additional B
…………………………………………………………33
Figure 4.6 A briefly diagram of original music file be watermarked
………………………………………………………….34
Figure 4.7 The proposed DRM system in the stereo……………….35
Figure 4.8 A briefly diagram of music file decrypting and filtering…
…………………………………………………………..36
Figure 4.9 System architecture…………………………………….37
Figure 4.10 Phase 1 operation………………………………………38
Figure 4.11 Phase 2 operation………………………………………40
Figure 4.12 Phase 3 operation………………………………………41
Figure 4.13 Matching between License, credentials and certificate...42
Figure 4.14 Phase 4 operation………………………………………4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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