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Phosphorus bioavailability, increase of energy and digestibility of nutrients of broiler diet containing phytase exoenzima
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of phytase exoenzyme and other mineral sources on the bioavailability of phosphorus , increased dietary energy and nutrient digestibility . The treatments were : sorghum with inorganic phosphate ( SFB ) , maize with inorganic phosphate ( MFB ) , sorghum meal, meat and bone meal ( SFco ) , sorghum with phytase ( SFV ) and without energy recovery and amino acids ( SFNV ) . 1400 birds were for performance reviews , which were determined feed intake , body weight , feed conversion real and traditional and viability . For the analysis of digestibility at 15 days were used 80 birds , which were subjected to total collection , now for carcass composition and mineralization of tibia were used 6 birds per treatment , where we proceeded to determine the dry matter , crude protein , ether extract , ash , gross energy housing , and calcium and phosphorus of tibia and carcass. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5 % and viability Kruskal-Wallis test . There were no statistical differences in performance at 7 days of age and only 14 live weight was lower for the MFB , however at 42 days , body weight was greater for the SFB compared to the MFB . Digestibility at 15 days there was no statistical difference. For carcass composition, the SFV showed higher percentage of ether extract. The percentage of calcium MFB FCS and were lower compared with the SFNV and equal to SFco and SFV , and the phosphorus content of the SFV and SFNV showed higher values. The exogenous phytase enzyme is able to hydrolyze phytate and release phosphorus from vegetable source for assimilation by animals , thus acting as a substitute for vegetable sources of phosphorus.Mestre em Ciências VeterináriasObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização da exoenzima fitase e de outras fontes minerais sobre a biodisponibilização do fósforo, o incremento de energia da ração e a digestibilidade de nutrientes. Os tratamentos foram: Sorgo com fosfato bicálcico (SFB), milho com fosfato bicálcico (MFB), sorgo com farinha de carne e ossos (SFCO), sorgo com fitase com (SFV) e sem valorização de energia e aminoácidos (SFNV). Foram 1400 aves para as análises de desempenho determinou-se o consumo de ração, peso vivo, conversão alimentar real e tradicional e a viabilidade. Para as análises de digestibilidade aos 15 dias foram utilizadas 80 aves, que foram submetidas a coleta total de excretas, já para a composição de carcaça e mineralização das tíbias foram utilizadas 6 aves por tratamento, onde procedeu-se a determinação dos teores de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, matéria mineral, energia bruta da carcaça, e cálcio e fósforo das tíbias e carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey 5% e a viabilidade pelo teste Kruskal-Wallis. Não houve diferenças estatísticas para o desempenho aos 7 dias de idade e aos 14 somente o peso vivo foi menor para o MFB, já aos 42 dias, o peso vivo foi maior para o SFB comparado com o MFB. A digestibilidade aos 15 dias não houve diferença estatística. Para a composição da carcaça, o SFV apresentou maior valor da porcentagem de extrato etéreo. A porcentagem de cálcio do SFB e MFB foram menores comparado com o SFNV e iguais para SFCO e SFV, e para o teor de fósforo, o SFV e SFNV apresentaram maiores valores. A enzima fitase exógena é capaz de hidrolisar o fitato de origem vegetal e liberar o fósforo para assimilação pelos animais, atuando assim como substituta de fontes vegetais de fósforo
Grain sorghum and suplementation of carotenoids in broiler's feed
No full textThe demand for alternative energy ingredients to be used in animal feed is constant, and sorghum stands out as a good substitute for corn. This study aimed to evaluate the use of grain sorghum in different granulometries and the inclusion of synthetic carotenoids in broiler diets on performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphometry and meat quality. This study was developed in a completely randomized design, consisting of four experimental feed: corn (M), ground sorghum (SM) and the inclusion of synthetic carotenoids (SMC) and whole sorghum (SI), all of them isoenergetic and isonutrients, using 960 birds, males and females, being 240 per treatment. The following variables were analyzed: body weight, feed intake, real and traditional feed conversion, carcass and cut yield, gizzard and small intestine weight; to evaluate meat quality were analyzed the pH at four and 24 hours post-mortem, cooking losses, shear force, colorimetry and centesimal composition of broilers breast meat. The SI feed provided a greater gizzard development, although at 7 days there were no differences in body weight and feed conversion between diets. The SM and SMC provided higher values of body weight at 28 days than SI. The real and traditional feed conversions at 40 days were the same for sorghum feeds, with better carcass yield in SM and SMC. There were no differences in the variables pH at 4 hours post mortem, PPC and FC. The value of pH 24 hours post mortem was lower for corn compared to SM and SI feed and similar to inclusion of carotenoids. For luminosity and tendency to red the SMC breast fillet was statistically different from the corn feed, but in tendency to yellow reached the same value of the corn and both larger than the SM and SI. The carotenoids inclusion in the diet provided a breast meat with higher protein content compared to corn and lower fat content among all the feeds tested. It can be concluded that ground sorghum can completely replace corn in broiler diets without compromising performance, carcass yield and quality parameters, and in the coloring matter, with the carotenoid addition the same pattern of corn diets is achieved besides having a lower fat content in the breast musculature. It is also worth noting that whole grain sorghum is zootechnically viable besides the economic benefit in feeds processing.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorTese (Doutorado)É constante a procura por ingredientes energéticos alternativos a serem utilizados nas rações animais e o sorgo destaca-se como um bom substituto ao milho. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do sorgo grão em diferentes granulometrias e com a inclusão de carotenoides sintéticos em dietas de frangos de corte sobre desempenho, rendimento de carcaça, morfometria intestinal e qualidade de carne. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, constituído de quatros rações experimentais: à base de milho (M), à base de sorgo moído (SM) e incluído de carotenoides sintéticos (SMC) e à base de sorgo grão inteiro (SI), todas elas isoenergéticas e isonutrientes, utilizando 960 aves, machos e fêmeas, sendo 240 por tratamento. Foram mensuradas as variáveis: peso vivo, consumo de ração, conversões alimentares real e tradicional, rendimento de carcaça e de cortes, peso da moela e intestino delgado; para avaliar a qualidade de carne foram analisados o pH às quatro e 24 horas post-mortem, perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC), colorimetria e composição centesimal da musculatura do peito dos frangos. A ração de SI proporcionou um maior desenvolvimento de moela, embora aos 7 dias não houve diferenças no peso vivo e conversão alimentar entre as dietas. As dietas SM e SMC proporcionaram maiores valores de peso vivo aos 28 dias do que SI. As conversões alimentares real e tradicional aos 40 dias foram iguais para as rações de sorgo, com um melhor rendimento de carcaça em SM e SMC. Não houve diferenças nas variáveis pH às 4 horas post-mortem, PPC e FC. O valor de pH 24 horas post mortem foi menor para os animais alimentados milho comparado com as rações SM e SI e igual a com inclusão do carotenoide. Para a luminosidade e a tendência ao vermelho o filé de peito dos frangos da dieta SMC difereu dos da ração de milho, porém na tendência para o amarelo alcançou o mesmo valor do milho e ambos maiores do que as rações SM e SI. A inclusão dos carotenoides na ração proporcionou uma carne de peito com maior teor de proteína comparado ao milho e um menor teor de gordura dentre todas as rações testadas. Conclui-se que o sorgo moído pode substituir integralmente o milho nas rações para frangos de corte sem comprometimento de desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e parâmetros de qualidade e no quesito coloração, com a adição do carotenoide consegue-se o mesmo padrão das dietas de milho além de ter um menor teor de gordura na musculatura do peito. Destaca-se ainda que o sorgo grão inteiro é zootecnicamente viável além do benefício econômico no processamento das rações
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Composição bromatológica de ovos de peso constante e crescentes de matrizes pesadas ao longo de suas vidas reprodutivas
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to verify the influence of the age of broiler breeders on the bromatological composition of the albumen and the yolk of embryonated eggs. Two previously defined treatments were used for the weight range of Cobb weighing eggs at 31, 40, 48 and 58 weeks of age. They are: eggs of constant weight and eggs of increasing weights, both obtained along the age of the broiler breeders. The eggs of constant weight were between 63.6 g and 64 g. On the other hand, eggs of increasing weights presented weights of 60.0g from broiler breeders with 31 weeks of life; 64.2g of 40 weeks; 66.6g of 48 weeks and 69.9g of 58 weeks of age, these weights may have undergone variation of +/- 0.5g. The analysis of the physical and bromatological composition consisted of dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein and ethereal extract. Statistical analysis of the Shapiro Wilk normality tests and homogeneity of the Levene variances, (P <0.01) test F by analysis of variance and Tukey regression or test, (P <0.05). The dry matter content and concentrations of crude protein, ethereal extract and mineral matter of albumin and egg yolk of Cobb 500 broiler breeders remained constant throughout the productive cycle and were not influenced by the age of the bird or the size of the egg.Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Objetivou-se verificar a influência da idade de matrizes pesadas na composição bromatológica do albúmen e da gema de ovos embrionados. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos previamente definidos, pela faixa de peso dos ovos de reprodutoras pesadas Cobb, com 31, 40, 48 e 58 semanas de idade. Sendo eles: ovos de peso constante e ovos de pesos crescentes, ambos obtidos ao longo da idade das matrizes. Os ovos de peso constante foram compreendidos entre 63,6g e 64g. Já os ovos de pesos crescentes apresentavam pesos de 60,0g oriundos de matrizes com 31 semanas de vida; 64,2g de 40 semanas; 66,6g de 48 semanas e 69,9g de 58 semanas de idade, sendo que estes pesos podem ter sofrido variação de +/- 0,5g. A análise da composição física e bromatológica constituiu de matéria seca, matéria mineral, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo. As análises estatísticas, de testes de normalidade de Shapiro Wilk e homogeneidade das variâncias de Levene, (P<0,01) teste F por meio da análise de variância e de regressão ou teste de Tukey, (P<0,05). O teor de matéria seca e as concentrações de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e matéria mineral do albúmen e gema de ovos de matrizes pesadas da linhagem Cobb 500 mantém-se constante ao longo do ciclo produtivo, não sendo influenciado pela idade da ave ou pelo tamanho do ovo
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