1,723,317 research outputs found
LITMUS Linked Data Pilot - TG4 Gradam Ceoil Dataset
No full text<p>LITMUS (Linked Irish Traditional Music) project linked data pilot dataset in Turtle.</p>
<p>Data contains performers, instruments, years, tunes, tune sets, tune types, Thesession.org IDs, Port.itma.ie IDs, MusicBrainz performer IDs, and ITMA Collection (Port) IDs for 1998-2018 performances from the TG4 Gradam Ceoil broadcasts.</p>
<p>This data was then aligned with the LITMUS ontology and thesauri and published as linked data at: itma.ie/litmus/search</p>
GPU Concurrency: Weak Behaviours and Programming Assumptions
Get PDFConcurrency is pervasive and perplexing, particularly on graphics processing units (GPUs). Current specifications of languages and hardware are inconclusive; thus programmers often rely on folklore assumptions when writing software.
To remedy this state of affairs, we conducted a large empirical study of the concurrent behaviour of deployed GPUs. Armed with litmus tests (i.e. short concurrent programs), we questioned the assumptions in programming guides and vendor documentation about the guarantees provided by hardware. We developed a tool to generate thousands of litmus tests and run them under stressful workloads. We observed a litany of previously elusive weak behaviours, and exposed folklore beliefs about GPU programming---often supported by official tutorials---as false.
As a way forward, we propose a model of Nvidia GPU hardware, which correctly models every behaviour witnessed in our experiments. The model is a variant of SPARC Relaxed Memory Order (RMO), structured following the GPU concurrency hierarchy
Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project) : a comparative diagnostic accuracy study
No full textAbstract: Background The reference standard for detecting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and staging fibrosis-liver biopsy-is invasive and resource intensive. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed, but few studies have compared these biomarkers in a single cohort. As part of the Liver Investigation: Testing Marker Utility in Steatohepatitis (LITMUS) project, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 17 biomarkers and multimarker scores in detecting NASH and clinically significant fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identify their optimal cutoffs as screening tests in clinical trial recruitment. Methods This was a comparative diagnostic accuracy study in people with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD from 13 countries across Europe, recruited between Jan 6, 2010, and Dec 29, 2017, from the LITMUS metacohort of the prospective European NAFLD Registry. Adults (aged >= 18 years) with paired liver biopsy and serum samples were eligible; those with excessive alcohol consumption or evidence of other chronic liver diseases were excluded. The diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with liver histology as the reference standard and compared with the fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis (FIB-4) in the same subgroup. Target conditions were the presence of NASH with clinically significant fibrosis (ie, at-risk NASH; NAFLD Activity Score >= 4 and F >= 2) or the presence of advanced fibrosis (F >= 3), analysed in all participants with complete data. We identified thresholds for each biomarker for reducing the number of biopsy-based screen failures when recruiting people with both NASH and clinically significant fibrosis for future trials. Findings Of 1430 participants with NAFLD in the LITMUS metacohort with serum samples, 966 (403 women and 563 men) were included after all exclusion criteria had been applied. 335 (35%) of 966 participants had biopsy-confirmed NASH and clinically significant fibrosis and 271 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. For people with NASH and clinically significant fibrosis, no single biomarker or multimarker score significantly reached the predefined AUC 0 center dot 80 acceptability threshold (AUCs ranging from 0 center dot 61 [95% CI 0 center dot 54-0 center dot 67] for FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter to 0 center dot 81 [0 center dot 75-0 center dot 86] for SomaSignal), with accuracy mostly similar to FIB-4. Regarding detection of advanced fibrosis, SomaSignal (AUC 0 center dot 90 [95% CI 0 center dot 86-0 center dot 94]), ADAPT (0 center dot 85 [0 center dot 81-0 center dot 89]), and FibroScan liver stiffness measurement (0 center dot 83 [0 center dot 80-0 center dot 86]) reached acceptable accuracy. With 11 of 17 markers, histological screen failure rates could be reduced to 33% in trials if only people who were marker positive had a biopsy for evaluating eligibility. The best screening performance for NASH and clinically significant fibrosis was observed for SomaSignal (number needed to test [NNT] to find one true positive was four [95% CI 4-5]), then ADAPT (six [5-7]), MACK-3 (seven [6-8]), and PRO-C3 (nine [7-11]). Interpretation None of the single markers or multimarker scores achieved the predefined acceptable AUC for replacing biopsy in detecting people with both NASH and clinically significant fibrosis. However, several biomarkers could be applied in a prescreening strategy in clinical trial recruitment. The performance of promising markers will be further evaluated in the ongoing prospective LITMUS study cohort
Litmus: the forensic issue
No full textThis issue contains poetry from Sarah Crewe, Sophie Mayer, Simon Smith, Tim Atkins, Jeff Hilson, Geraldine Monk, Anthony Mellors, Charlotte Newman, Ben Hickman, Juha Virtanen, Nick Murray, Kat Peddie, Eleanor Perry, Holly Pester, Richard Price, Mario Petrucci, Chris McCabe, Natalie Bradbeer, Nat Raha, Sam E.A.B. Russell, Sarah Westcott, Jacqueline Corcoran, Aidan Semmens, Rosy Carrick, D.S. Marriott, Ashley French, Mendoza and David Rees.
Desk Project featuring Adam Seville, Naomi Woddis and Dominic Noble.
Cover image by Carly Ashdown with additional artwork from Jonni Cheatwood, Michaela Ridgway, and Nihal Yesil. Along with prose essays from Ian Brinton, Geraldine Monk, Jordan Amirkhani, Agency, Shakira Christadoulou, Dara Blumenthal, Elinor Cleghorn, Sarah Crewe and Maria Vlotides plus a novel extract from Ken Edward
Litmus: the lichen issue
No full textThis issue contains artwork, poetry and prose by contributors: Lydia Davis, Laura Wainwright, Shezad Dawood, Inês Geraldes Cardoso, Peter Gizzi, Addison Kamb, Drew Milne, Bill Psarras, Stephen Collis, Rhys Trimble, Gillian Osborne, Jack Cooper, Brenda Hillman, Lynn Keller, Diana Lelonek, Sarah Watkinson, Caroline Millar, Nell Perry, Thomas Pearson, Robert Keal, Mark Valentine, Maria Sledmere, Jo Delyse Packwood, David Hawkins, Tessa Zettel and Sumugan Sivanesan, Joanne B Kaar, Carol Dalton, Aodán McCardle, Tristan Blackmore, Oscar Furbacken, Kyle Booten, Katharina Maria Kalinowski, Isabel Nolan, Tania Hershman, Konstantinos Papacharalampos, Theodoros Chiotis, Julie Hogg and Declan Wiffen
Litmus: the neurological issue
No full textThis issue contains poetry and visual poetry from Carol Watts, Daniel Sluman, David Caddy, Edwina Attlee and Sasha Valeri Millwood, Iain Britton, James Brookes, Ira Lightman, Mark Burnhope, H.E. Spencer, James Byrne, James Wilkes, Ken Edwards, Nancy Gaffield, Ken Taylor, Patricia Debney, Peter Hughes, Amy Cutler, Rick Crilly, Iain Britton, Mendoza, and Verity Spott along with fiction from Lucy Sheerman, and essays by Sian Ede, Ian Brinton, Elinor Cleghorn. ALSO artwork from Emmy Verschoor (cover image), Kate Powell, thequietscribe, and Holly Henderson
Litmus: the diagnostics issue
No full textThis issue contains poetry and prose by Anne Boyer, Theodoros Chiotis, David Caddy, David Rees, Dolly Turing, Konstantine Matsoukas, Doug Jones, Edmund Hardy, Frances Presley, Jéssica Pujol Duran, Gemma Jackson, Lila Matsumoto, Kat Peddie, Leanne Bridgewater, Linda Kemp, Sophie Mayer, Sarah Crewe, D.I., Sarah Watkinson, Mercedes Fonseca, Duncan MacKay, Julie Hogg, Andrew Taylor, Jo Delyse Packwood, Nisha Ramayya, Aimée Lê, Joanne Ashcroft, R.T.A. Parker, Simon Smith, Jordie Albiston, Lucinda Taylor Callier, Vicky Sparrow and Elinor Cleghorn
Litmus: the haematological issue
No full textEdited by Sarah Crewe (poetry), Elinor Cleghorn (Prose), and David Rees (contributing editor).
Cover image by Emmy Verschoor, with visual contributions by Catherine Williams.
This issue contains poetry and prose by Sophie Mayer, Alan Baker, clare e potter, Aidan Semmens. Richard Price (prose), Elizabeth Treadwell, Rhys Trimble, Duncan MacKay (prose) Christopher Mole, Natasha Borton, Dorothy Lehane, Eleanor Ward, Aodán McCardle, Finn Jackson, Sarah Anne Cox, Patricia Farrell, Niall Firth, Carole Birkan, Chris McCabe, Lucy Hamilton, Dimitra Ioannou, Melissa Lee-Houghton, Ann Matthews, Tom Jenks, Giles Goodland, Jennifer Spector, Pascal O’Loughlin & Erkembode, Ian Brinton (prose)
Biomarkers for staging fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (the LITMUS project) : a comparative diagnostic accuracy study
No full textBackground: The reference standard for detecting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and staging fibrosis—liver biopsy—is invasive and resource intensive. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed, but few studies have compared these biomarkers in a single cohort. As part of the Liver Investigation: Testing Marker Utility in Steatohepatitis (LITMUS) project, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 17 biomarkers and multimarker scores in detecting NASH and clinically significant fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and identify their optimal cutoffs as screening tests in clinical trial recruitment. Methods: This was a comparative diagnostic accuracy study in people with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD from 13 countries across Europe, recruited between Jan 6, 2010, and Dec 29, 2017, from the LITMUS metacohort of the prospective European NAFLD Registry. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with paired liver biopsy and serum samples were eligible; those with excessive alcohol consumption or evidence of other chronic liver diseases were excluded. The diagnostic accuracy of the biomarkers was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with liver histology as the reference standard and compared with the Fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis (FIB-4) in the same subgroup. Target conditions were the presence of NASH with clinically significant fibrosis (ie, at-risk NASH; NAFLD Activity Score ≥4 and F≥2) or the presence of advanced fibrosis (F≥3), analysed in all participants with complete data. We identified thres holds for each biomarker for reducing the number of biopsy-based screen failures when recruiting people with both NASH and clinically significant fibrosis for future trials. Findings: Of 1430 participants with NAFLD in the LITMUS metacohort with serum samples, 966 (403 women and 563 men) were included after all exclusion criteria had been applied. 335 (35%) of 966 participants had biopsy-confirmed NASH and clinically significant fibrosis and 271 (28%) had advanced fibrosis. For people with NASH and clinically significant fibrosis, no single biomarker or multimarker score significantly reached the predefined AUC 0·80 acceptability threshold (AUCs ranging from 0·61 [95% CI 0·54–0·67] for FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter to 0·81 [0·75–0·86] for SomaSignal), with accuracy mostly similar to FIB-4. Regarding detection of advanced fibrosis, SomaSignal (AUC 0·90 [95% CI 0·86–0·94]), ADAPT (0·85 [0·81–0·89]), and FibroScan liver stiffness measurement (0·83 [0·80–0·86]) reached acceptable accuracy. With 11 of 17 markers, histological screen failure rates could be reduced to 33% in trials if only people who were marker positive had a biopsy for evaluating eligibility. The best screening performance for NASH and clinically significant fibrosis was observed for SomaSignal (number needed to test [NNT] to find one true positive was four [95% CI 4–5]), then ADAPT (six [5–7]), MACK-3 (seven [6–8]), and PRO-C3 (nine [7–11]). Interpretation: None of the single markers or multimarker scores achieved the predefined acceptable AUC for replacing biopsy in detecting people with both NASH and clinically significant fibrosis. However, several biomarkers could be applied in a prescreening strategy in clinical trial recruitment. The performance of promising markers will be further evaluated in the ongoing prospective LITMUS study cohort. Funding: The Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking.Peer reviewe
Litmus: Running Tests against Hardware
Get PDFInternational audienceShared memory multiprocessors typically expose subtle, poorly understood and poorly specied relaxed-memory semantics to programmers. To understand them, and to develop formal models to use in program verication, we nd it essential to take an empirical approach, testing what results parallel programs can actually produce when executed on the hardware. We describe a key ingredient of our approach, our litmus tool, which takes small `litmus test' programs and runs them for many iterations to nd interesting behaviour. It embodies various techniques for making such interesting behaviour appear more frequentl
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