55,974 research outputs found
Infants' understanding of communication as participants and observers
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133676.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 27 augustus 2014Promotor : Bekkering, H. Co-promotor : Liszkowski, U
The use of deictic versus representational gestures in infancy
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106953.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 11 januari 2013Promotor : Fikkert, J.P.M. Co-promotor : Liszkowski, U.154 p
Infants' appreciation of others' mental states in prelinguistic communication
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91416.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 20 maart 2012Promotor : Bekkering, H. Co-promotor : Liszkowski, U.128 p
The Social Reach: 8-Month-Olds Reach for Unobtainable Objects in the Presence of Another Person
Full text linkLinguistic communication builds on prelinguistic communicative gestures, but the ontogenetic origins and complexities of these prelinguistic gestures are not well known. The current study tested whether 8-month-olds, who do not yet point communicatively, use instrumental actions for communicative purposes. In two experiments, infants reached for objects when another person was present and when no one else was present; the distance to the objects was varied. When alone, the infants reached for objects within their action boundaries and refrained from reaching for objects out of their action boundaries; thus, they knew about their individual action efficiency. However, when a parent (Experiment 1) or a less familiar person (Experiment 2) sat next to them, the infants selectively increased their reaching for out-of-reach objects. The findings reveal that before they communicate explicitly through pointing gestures, infants use instrumental actions with the apparent expectation that a partner will adopt and complete their goals.Fil: Ramenzoni, Veronica Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Países BajosFil: Liszkowski, Ulf. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics; Países Bajos. Universitat Hamburg; Alemani
Effects of Familiarizing Children With Objects on Their Early Gestural Behavior: Individual Differences in 16-Month-Old Children
No full textGrimminger A, Lüke C, Ritterfeld U, Liszkowski U, Rohlfing K. Effekte von Objekt-Familiarisierung auf die frühe gestische Kommunikation. Individuelle Unterschiede in Hinblick auf den späteren Wortschatz. Frühe Bildung. 2016;5(2):91-97.There is ongoing discussion on the function of the early production of gestures with regard to whether they reduce children's cognitive demands and free their capacity to perform other tasks (e.g., Goldin-Meadow & Wagner, 2005) or whether young children point in order to share their interest or to elicit information from their caregivers (e.g., Begus & Southgate, 2012; Liszkowski, Carpenter, Henning, Striano & Tomasello, 2004). The different assumptions lead to diverse predictions regarding infants' gestural or multimodal behavior in recurring situations, in which some objects are familiar and others are unfamiliar. To examine these different predictions, we observed 14 children aged between 14 and 16 months biweekly in a semi-experimental situation with a caregiver and explored how children's verbal and gestural behaviors change as a function of their familiarization with objects. We split the children into two groups based on their reported vocabulary size at 21 months of age (larger vs. smaller vocabulary). We found that children with a larger vocabulary at 21 months had an increase in their pointing with words toward unfamiliar objects as well as in their total amount of words, whereas for children with smaller vocabularies we did not find differences in relation to their familiarization with objects. We discuss these findings in terms of a social-pragmatic use of pointing gestures
Twelve-month-olds' comprehension and production of pointing
Full text linkThis study explored whether infants aged 12 months already recognize the communicative function of pointing gestures. Infants participated in a task requiring them to comprehend an adult’s informative pointing gesture to the location of a hidden toy. They mostly succeeded in this task, which required them to infer that the adult was attempting to direct their attention to a location for a reason – because she wanted them to know that a toy was hidden there. Many of the infants also reversed roles and produced appropriate pointing gestures for the adult in this same game, and indeed there was a correlation such that comprehenders were for the most part producers. These findings indicate that by 12 months of age infants are beginning to show a bidirectional understanding of communicative pointing
In Infants' Hands: Identification of Preverbal Infants at Risk for Primary Language Delay
No full textLüke C, Grimminger A, Rohlfing K, Liszkowski U, Ritterfeld U. In Infants' Hands: Identification of Preverbal Infants at Risk for Primary Language Delay. CHILD DEVELOPMENT. 2017;88(2):484-492.Early identification of primary language delay is crucial to implement effective prevention programs. Available screening instruments are based on parents' reports and have only insufficient predictive validity. This study employed observational measures of preverbal infants' gestural communication to test its predictive validity for identifying later language delays. Pointing behavior of fifty-nine 12-month-old infants was analyzed and related to their language skills 1 year later. Results confirm predictive validity of preverbal communication for language skills with the hand shape of pointing being superior compared to the underlying motives for pointing (imperative vs. declarative). Twelve-month-olds who pointed only with their open hand but never with their index finger were at risk for primary language delay at 2 years of age
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Pätzold, W. & Liszkowski, U. (2020). Pupillometric VoE paradigm reveals that 18- but not 10-month-olds spontaneously represent occluded objects (but not empty sets). PLOS ONE.
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