1,720,977 research outputs found
Ultrasound Back-Fat Thickness Association with Risk of Metabolic Disease of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation
Full text linkUltrasound back-fat thickness (BFT) can indirectly assess the risk of metabolic disease as hyperketonemia. In this study, 129 multiparous and clinically healthy dairy cows were enrolled and examined weekly for the first 8 weeks of lactation for body-condition score (BCS), BFT, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), weekly changes (ΔBCS, ΔBFT, ΔBHB), and total changes over the study (TotalΔ8to1BCS, TotalΔ8to1BFT, TotalΔ8to1BHB). Cows with BHB ≥ 1.0 mmol/L were considered to be affected by hyperketonemia (HK; n = 56), while the remaining animals were considered as controls (CTR; n = 73). Statistical analysis included mixed models, spearman correlation matrix, logistic regression, and linear regression analysis. BCS and BFT showed a strong correlation and were greater in the first weeks after calving in HK. The same group had greater BCS and BFT losses over the trial. However, weekly changes were identified only for BFT. Linear and logistic regression analysis for the disease event identified that BFT loss of 1 mm was associated with an increase in BHB (+0.36 mmol/L) and an increased risk of developing hyperketonemia over the week when the loss was between the second and first weeks (+2.5 times), third and second (+51%), and fourth and third (+58%) weeks. In conclusion, BFT can be used to identify the risk of developing hyperketonemia during early lactation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Clinical and pulmonary ultrasound evaluations after intranasal, parenteral, or both vaccine administration for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in dairy calves
Full text linkThe bovine respiratory disease (BRD) can significantly reduce the health and welfare of dairy calves. Vaccination is a common practice to minimize the incidence of BRD both intranasal and parenteral. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and lung ultrasound response of calves undergoing intranasal, parenteral, or both vaccination for BRD. Two-hundred one Holstein Friesian calves were enrolled and divided into four group: control group (Group A, n=41, without vaccination); intranasal-vaccination group (Group B, n=46, intranasal vaccination); parenteral-vaccination group (Group C, n=52, subcutaneous vaccination); double-vaccination group (Group D, n=62, intranasal and subcutaneous vaccinations). All animals received a clinical examination and lung ultrasonographic evaluation at 10-15 days of life (day of recruitment: T0), 17-22 (T1), 31-38 (T2), and 45-52 (T3) days of life. The Kruskall-Wallis and the Dunn tests were performed to assess differences between groups and over time, while the Chi-squared test was used to evaluate the differences between proportions. All vaccinated groups showed a lower ultrasonography score over time compared to Group A except for Group B at T3. Groups B and D presented a lower percentage of diseased animals compared to Group A at T1 and T2, while groups C and D were lower at T3. The odds ratio showed a lower risk of BRD in all vaccinated groups at T1 and T2, but only Group D continued to T3. Group D also showed a lower risk compared to Group C at T1, and groups B and C at T2. The respiratory score was greater in Group C except at T3. All vaccinated groups showed similar and lower mortality compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the lung ultrasound was more effective in identifying cases of BRD. Furthermore, the association of intranasal and parenteral vaccinations was more effective in reducing the risk of BRD
Field application of Lung Ultrasonography in bovine: a scoping review
Full text linkBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered one of the most expensive diseases in the cattle farming worldwide affecting both beef and dairy production. This disease is primarily responsible for increased veterinary costs, treatment expenses, reduced pro-ductivity, and, in severe cases, the culling of affected animals. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and prevention of BRD-related losses. The difficulty in diagnosis based on clinical signs of the animal determines the need to introduce new diagnostic methods. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has emerged as a valuable, non-invasive, and quick tool offer-ing numerous advantages. It allows for real-time, dynamic evaluation of the lung tissue, providing detailed insights into the pres-ence of pathological changes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the practical application of LUS in the diagnosis of BRD in cattle. LUS is per-formed using linear or convex probes, equipped with high or middle fre..
Clinical follow-up in fattening bulls affected by bovine respiratory disease (Brd) after pharmacological treatment with tulathromycin and ketoprofen: Clinical score and ultrasonographic evaluations
Full text linkBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is recognized as one of the most important disease in beef industry because it may negatively influence animal welfare and farm economy. An early diagnosis is necessary to improve prognosis and outcome, as well to pro-vide for specific management treatment for the affected animals. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of the ultra-sonographic technique as diagnostic method for BRD in fattening bulls after pharmacological treatment with tulathromycin and ketoprofen. Sixty Limousine fattening bulls of 10.23 ± 1.37 months’ age belonging to a single farm were enrolled in this study. Animals were divided into two groups according to ultrasonographic score (US score) of lungs: Group C or control group (US score < 3; 29 animals), and Group D or disease group (US score ≥ 3; 31 animals). Both groups received a clinical examina-tion and a TUS (thoracic ultrasonography) at time 0 (T0; day of restocking) and time 7 (T7; +21 days). Furthermore, group D received additional clinical examinations and TUS at time 1 (T1; day of diagnosis and treatment), time 2 (T2; +1 day), time 3 (T3; +2 days), time 4 (T4; +3 days), time 5 (T5; +7 days), and time 6 (T6; +14 days). Statistical differences between groups were evaluated by parametric and not-parametric test. The lung lesions such as total areas of hepatization and fluid alveolograms were measured and analyzed with mixed regression models over time. The two groups showed a significant difference both in US score and clinical symptoms (respiratory score, nasal and ocular discharges and rectal temperature) when comparing T1 of group D with T0 of group C. Over the time, the treatment of group D was effective in reducing the US score and rectal temperature after 2 and 1 days, respectively, while ocular discharges was reduced after 2 days. The ultrasound evaluation of the general health status showed an improvement after 7 days from treatment. However, a reduction of total areas of hepatization and fluid alve-olograms were evidenced in 3 days. In conclusion, the pulmonary ultrasound has been evidenced as a feasible and sensitive tool both for BRD early diagnosis and treatment effectiveness evaluation in fattening bulls
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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