1,720,955 research outputs found
Exploring the Relationship Among Transportation and Health Determinants in Diverse Geographic Settings
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Transportation and health are undeniably related. Transportation and its relationship with health are widely recognized as facing unique challenges in different geographic settings. However, research to date has mainly focused on understanding this relationship in urban areas. Remarkably, the importance of promoting physical activity through active travel (i.e., walking, biking, transit) is understudied in places other than urban areas. Increasing awareness regarding the ability of one's surroundings to encourage or inhibit active travel is critical to preparing us for the transformation of transportation habits. This issue takes on added significance considering telecommuting and the advent of autonomous vehicles.
The overall goal of this dissertation is to examine the complex relationship between transportation and transport-related health determinants in diverse geographical settings (i.e., urban core, suburban, large rural towns, and rural areas) from an active travel perspective. To that end, four interdependent studies were conducted to address the following research questions: (i) Do the relationships among built environment, access to infrastructure, and physical activity differ across diverse geographic settings? (ii) What is the relationship among car usage, self-perceived health, and physical activity in rural areas? (iii) Which are the most significant pathways in the association between transportation and health in rural areas? (iv) What are the potential public health implications of adopting Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) in urban areas?
First, the differences between various geographic settings regarding the built environment, access to infrastructure, and physical activity levels were assessed using individual-level data in the contiguous U.S. This dissertation employed behavioral science techniques (Structural Equation Modeling – Multi-group Analysis) to estimate how statistical constructs varied across multiple geographic settings. This dissertation concluded that the possibility of being physically active through active transportation, facilitated by the built environment and access, does not decrease linearly with the level of rurality defined in this study. Isolated Rural areas’-built environments and access to infrastructure were usually negatively associated with physical activity levels. This conclusion called for a deep analysis of rural areas regarding their ability to promote active travel.
This dissertation studied rural areas' physical activity and its connection with socioeconomic determinants, perceived health, and car usage. Given that this relationship is described as non-linear, using statistical techniques such as path analysis allowed quantifying the direct and indirect effects among variables. This study concluded that high car usage and poor self-perceived health are mediators of physical activity levels. Therefore, efforts from both the transportation and health domain need to promote active travel in rural areas.
Informed by transportation and health literature review, a conceptual framework was created by considering socioeconomic, personal, and physical transport-related health determinants. Structural equation models helped elucidate the complex relationships among determinants. The model results confirmed significant pathways among the various transport-related health determinants; hence comprehensive solutions need to be contemplated in future interventions to promote active travel. Interventions such as town center revitalization, heavy transit investments, and better broadband access that facilitate technology-enabled mobility services could significantly impact health outcomes in rural areas. Completing this objective fulfilled a pronounced research gap that has only been addressed using qualitative research.
Finally, this dissertation examines how access to technologies, such as AVs, could impact the urban settings’-built environment and its potential to promote or inhibit active travel. Two urban settings were used as a case study since urban areas might be the first to experience this technology's deployment. This dissertation used cluster analysis and ordered probit models to understand AV adopters' individual and location-based characteristics. Our results suggest that AV implementation based only on the propensity to adopt might have adverse health outcomes (i.e., obesity). This dissertation points out the need for place-based interventions to enhance active travel and decrease the "obesogenic" environment that could arise in the AV era.
Overall, we conclude that transportation's impact on public health cannot be seen as a "one exposure- one outcome- one solution" approach, and all-inclusive planning is needed to generate changes and prepare for transportation innovations to come. This dissertation proposed the ABC PATH framework that offers guidance to improve the population's health from transport-related changes comprehensively. The results of this research can help different organizations, such as planning organizations and rural health associations, advance communities' health through transportation.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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