1,419 research outputs found
LISA as a general tool for statistical inference in fMRI
No full textIntroduction: We have recently proposed a new approach called LISA for statistical inference of fMRI data (Lohmann et al, 2018). LISA incorporates spatial context via a nonlinear filter so that no initial cluster-forming threshold is needed, and spatial precision is largely preserved. Multiple comparison correction is achieved by controlling the false discovery rate in the filtered maps. In our previous publication, we have described this method only for first-level (single-subject) designs using precoloring as a technique for incorporating temporal autocorrelation, and for simple second-level designs (onesample and twosample group studies). Here we introduce an extension of LISA so that most scenarios in fMRI-based research are covered. Specifically, LISA can now also use prewhitening for single-subject analyses, and it can handle arbitrary 2nd-level designs matrices. LISA can thus serve as a general tool for statistical inference in fMRI. Methods: GLM-based 2nd level analysis: The input into LISA for a general 2nd-level inference is a list of 1st-level contrast maps together with a 2nd-level design file and a contrast vector. The output is a map thresholded such that FDR = 7T are becoming more widespread and require algorithms that preserve spatial precision, so that spatial smoothing and cluster-forming thresholding can be avoided. Here we have introduced a generalized version of the LISA algorithm. We believe that it will help to address the needs of the human mapping community
Carcass Quality, Meat Quality and Sensory Properties of the Dual-Purpose Chicken Lohmann Dual
No full textOver 40 million day-old layer line cockerels are culled in Germany each year, due to economic reasons, leading to a recently instigated research focus on the potential of dual-purpose breeds as an alternative to conventional poultry husbandry, especially the practice of culling. This paper aims to explore and assess the dual-purpose chicken breed “Lohmann Dual” (LD) performance (n = 30) and sensory characteristics (n = 48). Carcass and meat quality traits are evaluated, and descriptive sensory analysis of breast muscles is conducted. To define the scope of characteristics, a market sample of “Ross” Line (n = 35) is adducted. LD carcasses are characterized by higher leg than breast yield; carcass, breast and leg weights are higher in Ross. LD meat has a lower pH, differs in color, has higher drip and thawing losses, but lower cooking loss. LD breast muscles are firmer as indicated by shear force measurements, which is confirmed through the sensory analysis. Appearance, odor and flavor differ between the lines. Overall, distinguishable differences are found between both breeds. Further research should focus on the marketing aspect of the dual-purpose line, as some characteristics could draw consumers to this product. Animal welfare and ethical concerns should further be considered when considering dual-purpose breeds as a feasible alternative to culling
Review: Hybrid Warriors: Proxies, Freelancers and Moscow’s Struggle for Ukraine
No full textAuthor: Anna Arutunyan
Reviewed by Dr. Sarah Lohmann, teaching faculty, University of Washington
Dr. Sarah Lohmann, editor of What Ukraine Taught NATO about Hybrid Warfare (US Army War College Press, 2022), calls Anna Arutunyan\u27s latest book, Hybrid Warriors, a must-read for senior members of the US defense community that encourages strategists to think beyond segmented operations to ensure Russia\u27s broad defeat. Lohmann highlights the book\u27s value in that it provides perspectives that have not yet been heard in the West, as Arutunyan relies on Russian sources from media and academia, as well as hundreds of interviews. Lohmann also notes how Arutunyan challenges what she believes to be the Western narrative around the 2022 Russia-Ukraine War.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters_bookshelf/1042/thumbnail.jp
Statistical inference for fMRI at 3T and beyond
No full textIn this talk, I will begin by giving an overview of statistical inference in fMRI. I will then describe a new approach called “LISA'' for statistical inference of fMRI data. LISA incorporates spatial context via a nonlinear filter so that no initial cluster-forming threshold is needed, and spatial precision is largely preserved making it suitable for ultrahigh-resolution imaging. Multiple comparison correction is achieved by controlling the false discovery rate in the filtered maps. In a first publication (Lohmann et al, Nature Communications, 2018), we have previously described this method for first-level (single-subject) designs using precoloring as a technique for incorporating temporal autocorrelation, and for simple second-level designs (onesample and twosample group studies). We have now extended this method so that most scenarios in fMRI-based research are covered. Specifically, LISA can now also use prewhitening for single-subject analyses, and it can handle arbitrary 2nd-level designs matrices. LISA can thus serve as a general tool for statistical inference in fMRI
Statistical analysis of an fMRI reach-to-grasp task including behavioral covariates using LISA
No full textIntroduction: The inflation of false positive detections due to insufficient control of the effects of massive multiple independent testing is a crucial challenge for the statistical validity of fMRI analyses. One approach uses cluster extent, calculating threshold cluster sizes based on an acceptable False Discovery Rate (FDR) or Family Wise Error Rate (FWER), e.g. derived from Gaussian Random Field Theory (RFT) (Chumbley et al, 2009). However, the dependency of the RFT on the shape of the autocorrelation function and on a constant spatial smoothing across the brain may result in invalid cluster-wise inference (Eklund et al, 2016). The Local Indicator of Spatial Association algorithm (LISA) has been recently developed (Lohmann et al, 2018) with the aim of overcoming such shortcomings. LISA does not require spatial smoothing during data preprocessing and performs a non-linear spatial filtering only after a z-map has been calculated. It tests for statistical significance at a voxel level using a non-parametric, permutation-based test. In this study, we assessed the performance of LISA in a group level analysis of data from a visuomotor experiment that incorporated kinematic covariates of no interest. Methods: The dataset consisted of measurements from 27 healthy subjects (3T Siemens TRIO, slice thickness = 3mm; 36 slices interleaved acquisition; in-plain resolution 3mm × 3mm; TR = 2.47s; TE = 33ms). The participants reached and grasped either an object commonly used in everyday life or a geometrical object with no distinctive feature which was matched for dimension (Sheygal, 2015). Two MR-compatible cameras recorded hand movements during each run. Seven durations of kinematic components of the reach-to-grasp movement were identified offline and later used as covariates in the group analysis (Sheygal, 2015). LISA expects the following inputs: 1) A contrast image for each participant and each condition; 2) a text file with the design matrix including additional covariates; 3) the definition of the blocks within which permutations are allowed; 4) a contrast vector. We calculated a paired test between the two conditions across subjects using LISA corrected for multiple comparisons (FDR < 0.05). Results: The group analysis using LISA detected a bilateral activation in the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), ventral premotor cortex (vPM) and anterior cingulate cortex (aCC), as well as a unilateral activation at the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC). These findings were highly plausible, given previous observations in similar experiments. The group analysis using SPM12 and cluster extent corrections detected fewer clusters, not detecting for example aIPS. Detected clusters had a smaller volume at all locations (Fig. 1). Conclusions: Our results showed that LISA detects precisely activity associated with the task in anatomically plausible regions also when additional covariates have been included. The high specificity does not come with a loss of sensitivity. When compared to the results produced with SPM, it becomes clear that no cluster of activation is neglected by the algorithm. On the opposite, new well-defined - anatomically plausible - clusters of activation are detected
Physics-compatible finite element methods for scalar and tensorial advection problems
No full textChristoph Lohmann introduces a very general framework for the analysis and design of bound-preserving finite element methods. The results of his in-depth theoretical investigations lead to promising new extensions and modifications of existing algebraic flux correction schemes. The main focus is on new limiting techniques designed to control the range of solution values for advected scalar quantities or the eigenvalue range of symmetric tensors. The author performs a detailed case study for the Folgar-Tucker model of fiber orientation dynamics. Using eigenvalue range preserving limiters and admissible closure approximations, he develops a physics-compatible numerical algorithm for this model. Contents Equations of Fluid Dynamics Finite Element Discretization Limiting for Scalars Limiting for Tensors Simulation of Fiber Suspensions Target Groups Researchers and students in the field of applied mathematics Developers of numerical methods for transport equations and of general-purpose simulation software for computational fluid dynamics, engineers in the field of fiber suspension flows and injection molding processes The Author Christoph Lohmann is a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Mathematics at TU Dortmund University. His research activities are focused on numerical analysis of finite element methods satisfying discrete maximum principles
Review: David Lohmann (2003). Das Bielefelder Diakonie-Management-Modell
No full textÜber sechs Kapitel entwickelt David LOHMANN Anregungen und Handreichungen für ein theologisch-ethisches Unternehmensmanagement diakonischer Einrichtungen, ohne dabei ökonomische Sachzwänge außer Acht zu lassen. Durch das qualitative Verfahren des Vergleichs erschließt der Verfasser dokumentarische Quellentexte und generiert daraus eine Theorie für ein theologisch-ethisches Unternehmensmanagement. Zunächst wird eine Theologie der Diakonie nach den Interpretationen von TILLICHs Modell des "gläubigen Realismus", und WICHERNs theologischer Konzeption zur "Inneren Mission" erschlossen. Als das Essenzielle wird eine kybernetische Theorie auf der Basis einer Diakonie-Theologie formuliert. Aus dem Vergleich verschiedener Führungsmodelle favorisiert LOHMANN das St. Galler Management Modell als Ausgangsmodell für das Management diakonischer Unternehmen. Sukzessive werden die theologischen Grundlegungen für die normative, strategische und operative Ebene den betriebswirtschaftlichen Relevanzen angenähert. Durch den Versuch, aus den Werken zweier Theologen des letzten Jahrhunderts und der eigenen Berufspraxis ein zukünftiges Managementmodell zu formulieren, werden aktuelle Bedürfnisse und Erkenntnisse aus der Praxis der Unternehmensleitung diakonischer Einrichtungen nicht berücksichtigt. Eine systematische Methodologie aus der qualitativen Sozialforschung hätte sich angeboten und die Empirie der Arbeit wertvoll unterstrichen. Am Ende der Analyse steht dann ein Managementmodell für diakonische Unternehmen, das die Interdisziplinarität zwischen Theologie und Betriebswirtschaft betont. Der Band bestätigt damit, dass durch ein dem diakonischen Geist angepasstes Management sowohl Theologie als auch Ökonomie zu einer wettbewerbsfähigen Symbiose geführt werden können.In six chapters, David LOHMANN makes suggestions for theological-ethical deaconry management, including a consideration of economic necessities. Through a qualitative comparison of documented sources, the author generates a theory of theological-ethical enterprise management. Following that, the author considers the theology of the deaconry in the context of TILLICH's model of believed realism and WICHERN’s theological concept of the inner mission. At the center of the examination lies a formulation of a cybernetic theory of deaconry theology. Of the available management models, the author favours the St. Galler model as the basic model of deaconry enterprise management. In doing so, the author lays out theological ground rules for the normative, strategic and operational levels of deaconry. In attempting to formulate this prospective deaconry management model through the consideration of the work of the two 20th century theologians and his own personal experience, the current needs and knowledge-base of specific deaconries are not considered. A systematic consideration of quantitative social research would have been a worthwhile supplement. In conclusion, the analysis develops a management model for deaconry enterprises that emphasizes the interdisciplinary aspects of theology and business economics. The book confirms the competitive value of a management model attuned to the theological and economic aspects of a deaconry.En seis capítulos, David LOHMANN hace sugerencias para el manejo teológico-ético, incluyendo una consideración de necesidades económicas. A través de una comparación cualitativa de fuentes documentadas, el autor genera una teoría del manejo teológico-ético de la empresa. Enseguida el autor considera la teología del diaconato en el contexto del modelo del realismo creído de TILLICH y el concepto de misión interna de WICHERN. En el centro del examen permanece la formulación de la teoría cibernética de la teología del diaconato. De los modelos disponibles, el autor favorece el de St. Galler como el modelo básico de manejo de la empresa de diaconato. Al hacerlo así, el autor funda reglas teológicas para los niveles operacionales, estratégicos y normativos del diaconato. Al intentar formular este modelo de manejo prospectivo para el diaconato a través de la consideración del trabajo de dos teólogos del siglo XX y su propia experiencia personal, las necesidades actuales y el conocimiento base de diaconatos específicos no son considerados. Una consideración sistemática de la investigación social cuantitativa habría sido un valioso complemento. En conclusión, el análisis desarrolla un modelo de manejo para la empresa de diaconato que enfatiza los aspectos interdisciplinarios de la teología y la economía de negocio. El libro confirma el valor competitivo de un modelo de administración que armoniza los aspectos teológicos y económicos de un diaconato
The modulating role of questions in repeated action
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-28Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93201
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:35:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93201 on 2018-07-08T09:15:09Z."Repeated action can be more or less under habitual control, depending on how often it has been repeated, how complex it is, and how stable the context is. We propose that in situations where behavior is somewhat habitual but still flexible, repeated action can be modified by self-talk questions: Instead of a direct cue-behavior association, the situation may lead people to ask themselves a question, which then prompts action. Across three studies, participants showed below-baseline rates of behavior repetition when they were presented with the negative question ""Which one should I not choose?"". In contrast, people tended to repeat their behavior above baseline levels when they were presented with the affirmative question ""Which one should I choose?"". In Experiment 3, this effect vanished when repetition was explicitly requested, providing evidence for our hypothesis that self-talk most effectively guides behavior when behavior is still flexible."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Sophie Lohmann, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-27 at 18:41.The student, Sophie Lohmann, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-04-27 at 19:03.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-04-28 at 09:42.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9562 on 2016-07-07 at 13:51:0
"Pensar contra a desesperança é uma obrigação" resposta a Georg Lohmann
No full textTrata-se de uma réplica ao texto "Uma filosofia da história tornada sóbria", de Georg Lohmann. Nessa réplica o autor justifica que procura vincular uma teoria exigente da evolução social com a da consciência falível, porém não derrotista, de um ethos kantiano que nos obriga a contribuir de algum modo para a melhoria do mundo.This is a reply to Georg Lohmann's paper "A philosophy of history made sober". In this reply the author justifies that he seeks to link a demanding theory of social evolution with the one of fallible, however not defeatist, consciousness, of a Kantian ethos that obliges us to contribute in some way to the betterment of the world
Sorting Noises: Poetry, Libraries, and the Resistance of Information
No full textThis essay appears as a book chapter in "Poet-librarians in the Library of Babel: Innovative Meditations on Librarianship," edited by Shannon Tharp and Sommer Browning (Library Juice Press, 2018). The essay toys with conceptions of data, information, and knowledge as they might apply to poetry and to library work, with special attention to the writings of Aimé Césaire, Gregory Bateson, Jose Lezama Lima, and Lisa Robertson, among others.
Citation: Lohmann, S. (2018). Sorting noises: Poetry, libraries, and the resistance of information. In S. Tharp & S. Browning, Poet-Librarians in the Library of Babel: Innovative Meditations on Librarianship. Library Juice Press.Librarians and poets are fatuous experts on everything. Both have had frequent recourse to information theories ranging from cybernetics to semiotics and from corporate parsimonies to hermetic correspondences. I wanted to start a movement, LIBRARIANS AGAINST INFORMATION, in solidarity with POETS AGAINST LITERATURE. Instead, I wrote this essay, borrowing a dilapidated conceit: Russell Ackoff’s so-called Wisdom Pyramid. Picture a triangle, laterally stratified, hierarchic and vaguely hieratic: from bottom to top, the steps are Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. Imagine this as poetry. I tried, playing sorts with whatever came to hand, heaping questions, tweaking answers and scattering rubble.Lohmann, S. (2018). Sorting noises: Poetry, libraries, and the resistance of information. In S. Browning & S. Tharp (Eds.), Poet-Librarians in the Library of Babel: Innovative Meditation on Librarianship (pp. 89-102). Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press
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