1,720,981 research outputs found
Mapping healthcare spaces : a systematic scoping review of spatial and behavioral observation methods
Full text linkObjective: To provide a taxonomy of spatial observation methods that are commonly used in healthcare environments research and to describe their relative success. Background: Spatial observation is a valuable but resource intensive research method that is often used in healthcare environments research, but which frequently fails to deliver conclusive results. There is no existing
catalog of the different spatial and behavioral observation methods that are used in healthcare design research and their benefits or limitations. Methods: The review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Ten key databases were searched, and articles were screened by both authors. Results: Across 67 included studies, 79 observation methods were reported. We categorized those into four, distinct methodological approaches, outlining the benefits, limitations, and suitability of each for obtaining different types of results. Common limitations included difficulty generalizing to other contexts and a lack of detailed description during data collection which led to key environment variables not being recorded. More concrete conclusions were drawn when observation methods were combined with complimentary methods such as interview. Conclusions: The relative success of spatial observation studies is dependent on the fit of the method selected relative to the research question, approach, and healthcare setting; any complimentary methods delivered alongside it; and the analysis model employed. This article provides researchers with practical advice to guide the appropriate selection of spatial observation methods
Space for recovery after stroke: Exploring the role of the physical environment in inpatient rehabilitation facilities
No full text© 2020 Ruby Adelaide Lipson-SmithThe aim of this thesis was to explore the role of the physical environment of inpatient rehabilitation facilities in stroke recovery. The purpose of rehabilitation is to help stroke survivors to re-learn skills and abilities lost as a result of stroke, or to learn new skills to adapt to their changed condition. Research in other healthcare environments suggests that hospital design can impact patient outcomes, but there is little evidence specific to rehabilitation. This thesis embraces the complexity of rehabilitation environments and explores the physical environment as an essential and integrated component of this complex system.
This exploration began with a scoping survey to identify and describe all inpatient rehabilitation facilities in Victoria, Australia. This survey revealed 64 facilities, most of which had not been purpose-built for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation facility design appears to be influenced by evidence from acute medical settings and current design trends, rather than reflecting the unique purpose of rehabilitation.
A series of expert elicitation workshops were then conducted to define – for the first time – what is important in the physical environment of inpatient stroke rehabilitation facilities. Thirty experts participated, including policy makers, researchers and designers in learning and healthcare environments, clinical staff, and patients. A Value-Focused Thinking methodology was used to facilitate the workshops. The experts defined 16 criteria thought to be fundamentally important (including efficiency, patient practice, activity and rest, emotional well-being, and safety), and 14 criteria that could be a means to achieving these fundamentally important things. Together, these criteria comprise a framework which can be used to guide research and design in this complex area.
This framework informed a multiple-case study in two stroke inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Convergent mixed-methods were used to produce a rich and thorough exploration of the cases. Twenty inpatients from Case 1 participated, and 16 from Case 2. The physical environment was described using field notes, photographs, floor plans, and checklists. Walk-through semi-structured interviews were used to explore patients’ experience of the physical environment. Systematic observation (behavioural mapping) and questionnaires were used to investigate patients’ behaviour and emotional well-being in the environment, and a retrospective audit of patient falls was conducted to investigate patient safety.
Four interrelated themes described the patient experience: 1) entrapment and escape; 2) power, dependency, and identity in an institutional environment; 3) the rehabilitation facility is a shared space; and 4) the environment should be legible and patient-centred. Quantitative data revealed that patients spent over 75% of their time in their bedrooms. Comparison between cases suggested that the physical environment played a role in patients’ behaviour, emotional well-being, and safety. Qualitative and quantitative findings were then merged using joint display tables and narrative integration. This robust analytic process produced a new conceptual model of the role of the physical environment in stroke patients’ behaviour, emotional well-being, and safety in rehabilitation, emphasising the importance of variety and interest in the environment, privacy without isolation, and patient-centred design. The findings from this study provide meaningful direction for rethinking rehabilitation facilities and guiding real-world health design practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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