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Kulturelle und ökologische Triebkräfte der Pflanzenvielfalt in der Stadt Bengaluru, Indien
No full textSocial and cultural processes play key roles in shaping urban green spaces, enabling urban residents from diverse backgrounds to interact with and experience nature. A better understanding of biocultural diversity and cultural ecosystem services (ES) is, therefore, important to maintain the urban green infrastructure in rapidly growing megacities, particularly in developing countries where economic development takes precedence over green infrastructure. Alternate approaches based on traditional cultural practices and beliefs are being recognized as effective conservation strategies, including nature worship in sacred sites. In India, as in many parts of the world, sacred sites are known for their biological richness and cultural ES. Yet, analyses from urban sacred sites (USS) are largely missing.
In this thesis, the connections between urban biodiversity, socio-cultural values and human well-being were explored in USS and slums of Bengaluru, an Indian megacity. First, the biodiversity and habitat functions of USS were assessed in relation to environmental variables for different plant groups (native vs. non-native, and cultivated vs. spontaneous). Most species were native (81%) and spontaneous in growth (51%). Results revealed that site variables (site type and site area) were key predictors of diversity patterns in USS, while urbanity parameters had limited influence on plant diversity.
Second, species assemblages of different plant groups were assessed in USS in relation to biological and cultural features, and urban matrix parameters. Culturally relevant species with religious, medicinal and ornamental values, prevailed in the species pool (89%). Urban matrix parameters and size and type of sacred sites were related to differences in species assemblages. These results demonstrate the potential of USS in harbouring both native and culturally significant species that can support urban living in developing countries.
Finally, the socio-cultural significance of plant species (both sacred and non-sacred) in enhancing livelihoods in slums was assessed. Again, culturally significant plants prevailed in the species pool. Slum residents identified a wide range of perceived ecosystem services that they received from plants in their neighbourhood including thermal regulation, nutrition, plant based medicine and spiritual well-being. Results highlight the potential of culturally significant plant species in providing an inclusive, inexpensive and sustainable approach towards poverty alleviation in cities, furthering a deeper understanding of the connections between people and nature. This thesis contributes towards novel insights and the development of new approaches, both representing important steps towards unraveling the connections between biodiversity, socio-cultural processes and human well-being, in an effort towards strengthening urban green infrastructure and making cities more sustainable.Soziale und kulturelle Prozesse spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Gestaltung urbaner Grünräume, die es ermöglichen, die Stadtbewohnern mit unterschiedlichen Hintergründe mit der Natur zu interagieren und diese zuerleben. Ein besseres Verständnis der biokulturellen Vielfalt und der kulturellen Ökosystemdienstleistungen (ÖD) ist daher wichtig, um die städtische grüne Infrastruktur in schnell wachsenden Megastädten, insbesondere in Entwicklungsländern, zu erhalten. Alternative Ansätze, die auf traditionellen kulturellen Praktiken und Überzeugungen basieren, werden als wirksame Naturschutzstrategien anerkannt, einschließlich der Naturverehrung in heiligen Stätten. In Indien, wie in vielen Teilen der Welt, sind heilige Stätten für ihren biologischen Reichtum und ihre kulturellen ÖD bekannt. Dennoch fehlen weitestgehenden Analysen von urbanen heiligen Stätten (UHS).
In dieser Arbeit wurden die Verbindungen zwischen städtischer Biodiversität, soziokulturellen Werten und menschlichem Wohlergehen in UHS und Slums von Bengaluru, einer indischen Megastadt, untersucht. Zunächst wurden die Biodiversitäts- und Habitatsfunktionen von UHS in Bezug auf Umweltvariablen für verschiedene Pflanzengruppen (nativ vs. nicht-nativ und kultiviert vs. spontan) bewertet. Die meisten Arten waren heimisch (81%) und spontan (51%) im Wachstum. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Standort variablen (Standorttyp und Standortbereich) wichtige Prädiktoren der Diversitätsmuster bei UHS waren, während Urbanitätsparameter einen begrenzten Einfluss auf die Pflanzenvielfalt hatten.
Zweitens wurden die Arten assoziationen verschiedener Pflanzengruppen in UHS in Bezug auf biologische und kulturelle Merkmale und urbane Matrixparameter bewertet. Kulturell relevante Arten mit religiösen, medizinischen und ornamentalen Werten dominierten im Artenpool (89%). Urbane Matrixparameter, die Größe und die Art der heiligen Stätten wurden mit Unterschied in den Artengemeinschaften in Verbindung gebracht. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Potenzial von UHS, die heimische und kulturellbedeutende Arten zubeherbergen, die das Leben in Städten der Entwicklungsländern unterstützen können.
Schließlich wurde die soziokulturelle Bedeutung von Pflanzenarten (sowohl heiligen als auch nicht-heiligen) bei der Verbesserung der Lebensgrundlagen in Slums bewertet. Slumbewohner identifizierten eine breite Palette von wahrgenommenen Ökosystemleistungen, die sie von Pflanzen in ihrer Nachbarschaft erhielten, einschließlich der thermischen Regulierung, der Ernährung, der pflanzlichen Medizin und dem spirituellen Wohlbefinden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen das Potenzial kulturell bedeutender Pflanzenarten, indem sie einen integrativen, kostengünstigen und nachhaltigen Ansatz zur Armutsbekämpfung in Städten bieten. Diese Arbeit trägt zu neuen Erkenntnissen und zur Entwicklung neuer Ansätze bei, um die grüne Infrastruktur der Städte zu stärken und Städte nachhaltiger zu machen
Zu Mechanismen der Linienmigration von Pflanzen
Get PDFLinear landscape elements function as important leading structures for plant dispersal. Their ecological
relevance results mostly from fostering long-distance dispersal events. While linear distribution patterns
of plant species along streams and rivers have been observed since the 19th century, corresponding
patterns along roads became much later object of research. Even though such distribution patterns
strongly indicate the functioning of roads as dispersal corridors they do not explain the underlying
mechanisms. Taking roads as an example, we here illustrate linear plant migration as an outcome of
spatial and, in part, functional overlay of varying habitat and dispersal related mechanisms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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