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Life quality of adults with intellectual disabilities in family environment and in residential centers
Get PDFFor people with intellectual disabilities, who need help and support throughout their adulthood, the decision of where and with whom to live is of vital importance. They must be allowed to have an influence on their living environments. The following thesis presents the historical review of different living environments for adults with intellectual disabilities up until today, how the current legislation in Slovenia deals with living options for the before mentioned population and how to understand the role of deinstitutionalization. The deinstitutionalization movement in Slovenia is fairly new, which means that research on the quality of life for adults with intellectual disabilities living in residential centers is not yet present, which makes the research in this field important. The hypothesis this thesis examined was that the quality of life of people living in residential centers is higher compared to those living in family environments. For that purpose the quantitative research was carried out. Questionnaires were used to compare the quality of life between two groups, the first group consisted of 10 people living in residential centers and the second group consisted of 10 people living in family environments. The results showed a statistically higher quality of life for those living in residential centers, not family environments. It is evident from research that although new age residential centers are under institutional care, they still provide conditions in which adults with intellectual disabilities can live decent and with some additional support even independent lives
Factors Influencing the Integration of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in Work and Employment
No full textTako kot za vse odrasle ljudi je tudi za osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju (v nadaljevanju MDR) delo pomembna dejavnost, ki prinaša številne koristi. Če so delovne naloge primerne njihovim zmožnostim, so osebe z MDR v splošnem stabilni in kompetentni delavci, ki zanesljivo opravljajo rutinske naloge. Najbolje se počutijo v zaposlitvah v običajnih in ne ločenih okoljih. Mednarodna in domača zakonodaja Slovenijo zavezujeta k omogočanju enakih možnosti osebam z MDR za vključevanje v delo in zaposlitev. Pri nas se večina odraslih oseb z MDR, ki pridobijo status invalida, vključuje v varovane oblike dela v okviru varstveno delovnih centrov (v nadaljevanju VDC), med drugim tudi v t. i. integrirano zaposlitev, kjer uporabniki opravljajo delo v običajnih delovnih okoljih pri zunanjih delodajalcih, a pri tem ne gre za pravo zaposlitev, saj ne sklenejo delovnega razmerja. Z uveljavitvijo Zakona o socialnem vključevanju invalidov 1. 1. 2019 je osebam z MDR formalno omogočen prehod iz statusa uživalca socialnih pravic v status zaposlene osebe in nazaj. Pri tem se poraja vprašanje, ali imajo osebe z MDR dejansko možnosti za vstop v formalno zaposlitev in kateri dejavniki nanje vplivajo.
Namen raziskave je bil dobiti vpogled v trenutno stanje na področju dela in zaposlovanja oseb z MDR z različnih vidikov – vidika VDC-jev, vidika delodajalcev in vidika zaposlene osebe z MDR, ki je prešla v formalno zaposlitev. V raziskavi smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo raziskovanja in kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo avtorskega spletnega anketnega vprašalnika, ki ga je ustrezno izpolnilo 16 VDC-jev, in polstrukturiranih intervjujev, ki smo jih opravili s tremi delodajalci in strokovno delavko VDC, seznanjeno s primerom prehoda uporabnika iz integrirane v formalno zaposlitev. Izvedli smo kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo zbranega gradiva. Ugotavljamo, da integrirano zaposlitev izvaja 11 od 16 VDC-jev, ki vanjo povprečno vključujejo 7 uporabnikov, sodelujejo pa v povprečju s 4 delodajalci. VDC-ji so naklonjeni formalnemu zaposlovanju uporabnikovnekateri bi jih k formalni zaposlitvi spodbudili sami, vsi pa bi podprli uporabnika, ki bi sam izrazil željo za formalno zaposlitev. Pri prehodu uporabnika v formalno zaposlitev VDC-ji svojo vlogo vidijo pretežno v tem, da uporabniku, njegovim staršem in delodajalcu nudijo podporo v procesu prehoda. Zasledili smo en primer prehoda uporabnika iz integrirane v formalno zaposlitev pri istem delodajalcu. Pri prehodu je uporabniku in njegovim staršem podporo v obliki informiranja, svetovanja in spremljanja nudila skupinska habilitatorka. Dva izmed treh intervjuvanih delodajalcev sta v prihodnosti pripravljena zaposliti osebo z MDR, ki pri njih opravlja integrirano zaposlitev. Kot prednosti zaposlovanja oseb z MDR delodajalci prepoznavajo pozitiven vpliv le-te na širšo okolico, boljši družbeni ugled podjetja in boljše počutje osebe z MDR. Izpostavljene ovire formalnega zaposlovanja so finančni stroški zaposlitve, morebitna nezmožnost osebe z MDR za opravljanje dela v povečanem obsegu, manjša fleksibilnost formalne zaposlitve v primerjavi z integrirano. V primeru formalne zaposlitve bi delodajalec potreboval pomoč, kot so subvencioniranje plače zaposlenega, nadaljnje sodelovanje s strokovno osebo VDC-ja, izobraževanje zaposlenih glede vključevanja oseb z MDR na delovno mesto in zagotovitev mentorja v podjetju za delavca z MDR. Večje družbeno priznanje ne bi spodbudilo intervjuvanih delodajalcev k zaposlitvi osebe z MDR.Like for all adults, for people with intellectual disabilities (hereafter ID) work is an important activity that brings them many benefits. If work tasks are adapted to their abilities, people with ID are generally stable and competent workers who reliably perform routine tasks. They feel best in jobs in mainstream rather than segregated environments. International and domestic legislation obliges Slovenia to provide equal opportunities for people with ID to participate in work and employment. In Slovenia, most adults with ID who acquire the status of the person with disabilities are engaged in sheltered work in day care and occupational centres (hereafter DCOC), including so-called integrated employment, where people with ID work in mainstream work environments with external employers, but this is not employment in the formal sense, as they do not enter an employment relationship. With the entry into force of the Social Inclusion of Disabled Persons Act on 1st January 2019, persons with ID can transition from the status of a beneficiary of social rights to that of an employed person and back again. This raises the question of whether people with ID have also been given opportunities to enter open employment in practice and what factors influence these opportunities.
The purpose of the research was to gain an insight into the current situation in the field of work and employment of people with ID from different aspects - the point of view of DCOCs, the point of view of employers and the point of view of a person with ID who has transitioned into formal employment. The research used a descriptive research method and a qualitative research approach. The data were collected through an original online survey questionnaire, which was duly completed by 16 DCOCs, and semi-structured interviews conducted with three employers and a DCOC professional familiar with the case of a user\u27s transition from integrated to formal employment. We carried out a qualitative content analysis of the collected material. We found that 11 out of 16 DCOCs provide integrated employment, involving an average of 7 people with ID and cooperating with 4 employers. DCOCs are in favour of employment of people with ID in the open labour marketsome would encourage them to take up employment themselves, but all would support the person with ID who expressed a desire for it. DCOCs see their role in the person’s transition to employment mainly in providing support to the person, his/her parents, and employer in the transition process. We found one case of a person transitioning from integrated employment to regular employment with the same employer. During the transition, the person and their parents were supported by a group habilitator in the form of information, counselling, and follow-up. Two out of three employers interviewed are ready to employ a person with ID, currently in integrated employment, in the future. As advantages of employing people with ID, employers recognize its positive impact on the wider social environment, better social reputation of the company and better well-being of the person with ID. The highlighted obstacles of regular employment are the financial costs of employment, the potential inability of the person with ID to perform the work to an increased extent, less flexibility of regular employment compared to integrated employment. In the case of formal employment, the employer would need assistance such as subsidising the employee\u27s salary, further cooperation with the DCOC professional, training of employees on how to integrate people with ID into the workplace and the provision of an in-company mentor for the worker with ID. Greater social recognition would not encourage the employers interviewed to hire a person with ID
Early intervention in children with autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFAutism spectrum disorder (hereinafter referred to as ASD) is a lifetime developmental disorder, which reflects in problems with social interaction, social communication, imagination, and flexible thinking. Early intervention, which includes ASD specific approaches, is key for child’s general development and their independence.
The thesis introduces a programme of Early intensive intervention for preschool children with ASD, which was conceptualized and implemented by the Centre for Autism between 2010 and 2012. The aim of the programme was to provide knowledge, strategies and skills for children with ASD that will enable them an independent inclusion into a mainstream education system as well as into their living environment.
The research, which will be presented in detail in the empiric part of this thesis, included 11 children between the age of 2.5 and 6 years. They received a comprehensive and differential diagnosis with specific diagnostic means adjusted to ASD (i.e. ADOS, 3Di) and a pedagogical assessment of child’s functioning (i.e. PEP-3) to measure their development.
Based on the assessment, work with the child was planned using specific approaches for working with people with ASD (e.g. TEACCH, PECS, DIR Floortime). The analysis of the results, which were obtained through measurements in six different fields, showed that children who attended the Early intensive treatment for preschool children with ASD programme 2.5 to 3 months and received 38 to 144 hours of treatments progressed by 5.1 months of developmental age on average in all six assessed areas.
Furthermore, the results clearly show that an early intensive intervention, which is thoroughly planned and implemented using specific tools and approaches for ASD, can in a relatively short time span substantially improve child’s functioning, enable easier achievement of goals, and promote inclusion in all fields of child’s life
Učiteljevo pojmovanje pojava naučene nemoči pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami v osnovni šoli
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Transition of an adolescent with mild intellectual and developmental disabilities to labour market
Get PDFEna najpomembnejših življenjskih odločitev, ki jih sprejemamo v obdobju mladostništava je izbira srednješolskega programa in poklica. Odločitev je še težja, če so možnosti nadaljnega izobraževanja omejene, kot so omejene možnosti za mladostnike, ki zaključujejo izobraževanje v prilagojenih programih z nižjim izobrazbenim standardom oziroma so bili opredeljeni kot osebe z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Osredotočili smo se na področje poklicne orientacije v delu svetovalnih služb v osnovnih in srednjih šolah. Ugotavljamo, da v učnih načrtih še vedno ni predvidenih šolskih ur, ki bi bile namenjene poklicni orientaciji.
Diplomsko delo izhaja iz predpostavke, da so mladi – osebe z lažjo motnjo v razvoju – povsem neopremljeni z znanji, veščinami in spretnostmi, ki jih potrebujejo za uspešen vstop na trg dela. Skozi devet delavnic je 15 mladostnikov usvajalo in spoznalo nekatere veščine, spretnosti in znanja, ki jim bodo koristila pri vstopu na trg dela. Rezultati spremljanja so pokazali, da kljub usmerjenemu delu, še vedno niso samostojni pri pisanju prošenj za delo ali svojega življenjepisa, zato lahko trdimo, da so podobni programi nujnost, ki bi pomagali premostiti stres horizntalnega prestopa na trg dela oseb z lažjo motnjo v duševnem razvoju.One of the most important life decisions one takes as an adolescent is the choice of education and future career.This decision becomes even more difficult when the possibilities of further training are limited as they are in the case of the adolescents finishing school programmes which had been adapted to lower educational standards i.e. for persons with mild intellectual and developmental disabilities.We researched career counselling services in elementary and middle schools and found that in school curriculum there are still not classes designed to cover career counselling.
This diploma essay poses presumption that the adolescents with mild intellectual and developmental disabilities are totally unequiped with accomplishements, skills and routines required for a successful entry into labour market.
A group of 15 adolescents took part in 9 workshops and aquired some skills and routines to serve them when entering labour market.Having followed their work our conclusion was that although the work had been well directed and focused they have still not reached the level at which they were able to independently write their applications for work and their curriculum vitae.Our conclusion, therefore, is that further work on similar programmes for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities is essential to help them bridge the stress of horizontal passage and entry into labour market
Individualized education programme in special programme of education – an effective work plan or merely a legal requirement
Get PDFThe undergraduate thesis presents the development of Individualized Education Programmes (hereinafter IEP) at the Education, Work and Care Centre Dobrna.
The theoretical part deals with the legislation in the field of IEP development and placement of children with special needs, the guidelines for IEP development, and the characteristics of people with mental health disorders and autism spectrum disorders at the Education, Work and Care Centre Dobrna.
The empirical part of the thesis presents the analysis of eight Individualized Education Programmes prepared for people with a mental health disorder and autism spectrum disorders during their education at the Education, Work and Care Centre Dobrna, and in accordance with the special education programme. The quality of the implementation of individualized programming in the school years from 2001 to 2009 was analysed using the criteria for evaluating adequacy of the selected procedural and substantive aspects of IEP.
The analysis results have shown that most of the professionals, who work with the person with special needs during a specific school year, are involved in the process of individualized programming. In the recent years it has also become common for the person, who the IEP is being prepared for, to become actively involved in the process of individualized programming, while the parents are involved only by giving additional suggestions, submitted in writing after they have reviewed and signed the IEP. During the implementation of IEP most of the statutory and professional requirements are taken into consideration. The analysis of targeted planning has shown that most goals for specific areas are general and not many operational objectives in IEP are measurable.
The findings may contribute to improvement of individualized programming at the Education, Work and Care Centre Dobrna. The instrument, developed for evaluating the adequacy of the procedural and substantive aspects of individualized programming, can be used by other professionals for evaluating the implementation of IEP as well
Razvoj govora in jezika pri otroku z motnjo avtističnega spektra ter vpliv na učenje in komunikacijo
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