1,721,164 research outputs found
Impact of diet on gut microbiota in the globalized world
No full textThe human gut ‘‘metagenome’’ is a complex consortium of trillions of microbes, whose collective genomes contain at least 100 times
as many genes as our own eukaryote genome. This essential ‘‘organ’’ provides the host with enhanced metabolic capabilities,
protection against pathogens, education of the immune system, and modulation of gastrointestinal development. Historically, the microbial ecosystem of the digestive tract was specific for a geographic area, as much as the flora and fauna of an ecosystem are geographically distinct. A clear example of this richness and diversity is that currently in Africa, the microbial composition is very different from that described in the Western world. Globalization of the microbial population of our digestive tracts is due to industrialization and standardization of food chain products that homogenize the microorganisms we ingest. We describe how this relative homogeneity of the microbial composition of Europeans and North Americans could be related to globalization rather than a transcendent tendency of humans to select the same bacteria worldwid
The best is the enemy of the good: Time for a biopsy-sparing approach for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis and treatment in children in the COVID-19 era?
No full textNeonato con circolo venoso superficiale addominale: alla ricerca di una diagnosi.
No full textNanoro, Burkina Faso. Caso clinico di un neonato di 10 giorni inviato da un centro infermieristico territoriale per "infiammazione" alla coscia e al testicolo destro. Anamnesi difficoltosa. Difficoltà di arrivare ad una diagnosi.
Esperienza che dimostra la grande importanza che riveste la clinica, unico mezzi a cui ci si può affidare in assenza di esami specialistici
Una "troppo breve" storia di convulsioni neonatali.
No full textQuesto caso clinico dimostra l'importaza di una buona raccolta anamnestica. la presentazione atipica delle clonie con la scarsa disponibilità dei mezzi diagnostici hanno reso difficile la diagnosi differenziale. Senza il dato della puntata febbrile del 13° giorno sarebbe stato impossibile pensare ad un esito di una meningite
Relationship between the extent of mucosal T cell and macrophage activation and mucosal damage
No full textDiet, environment and gut microbiota in the metagenomic era
No full textThe human gut microbiota is a complex consortium of trillions of microorganisms, whose collective genomes or “metagenome” contains at least 100-times as many genes as our own eukaryote genome (1). This essential “organ”, the microbiome, provides the host with enhanced metabolic capabilities, supplying energy, nutrients, bioactive compounds, provides an effective barrier or resistance to invading pathogens, resulting in education of the immune system, and modulation of gastrointestinal (GI) development. Furthermore this microbial community is also involved in detoxification of harmful exogenous and endogenous compounds. The role of the resident microbiota in the human gut and its profound effects on host health and daily well-being is now recognized as crucial. The composition of the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in mammalian metabolism and, likely, in human health. Twins and mother-daughter pairs have more similar microbiota compositions than unrelated individuals, suggesting that there could be a genetic influence over the microbiota (2). However, monozygotic and dizygotic adult twins have equally similar microbiota, suggesting environment rather than genetics may drive familial similarities (2). The extent at which factors such as the environment and diet shape the human gut microbiota is still unclear, partly because these factors are often confounded. However, in terms of microbiota function, metabolic output and interactions with the host, diet and other exogenous factors like antibiotics or xenobiotic compounds also plays a dominant role
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
T cell receptor V beta expression in human intestine: regional variation in postnatal intestine and biased usage in fetal gut
No full textA panel of T cell receptor V beta specific monoclonal antibodies was used to analyse V beta gene usage at different sites in human postnatal and fetal intestine. In normal small intestine, at a single site, different patients showed expansion of T cells expressing individual V beta s. Lamina propria and epithelial T cells from the same patient showed overlapping but not identical V beta dominance. V beta dominance was also shown in the T cells of the colonic lamina propria. Analysis of two separate regions of intestine from the same patient (5-100 cm apart) showed that T cells expressing a dominant V beta region were often present at both sites. In most patients, however, major biases in T cell V beta usage (two to 12-fold variation) were also apparent between the two sites. Analysis of V beta expression in human fetal intestine also showed considerable skewing, although the most common dominant V beta in postnatal intestine (V beta 22) was never predominant in fetal intestine. Patchy local variation in the expression of individual V beta s therefore occurs against a background of V beta dominance over large regions of the human gut. Furthermore the results from fetal gut show that factors other than luminal antigen control V beta expression in the gut
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