748 research outputs found
Yhtiöstä opettaja? : Systeemiteoreettinen tulkinta ammattikorkeakoulujen yhtiöittämisestä
No full textThe company as teacher? A systems theoretical interpretation of the incorporation of the universities of applied sciences
This doctoral dissertation examines key organization models for economic activity, with a focus on limited liability companies and cooperatives. Under review are the expectations on the use of the limited liability company (LLC) form in situations where the primary purpose of operations is not making profit for the owners. This research examines the question of which legal and other expectations were attached to the LLC model when it was chosen to be the only form for organizing universities of applied sciences (UAS) administered by the Ministry of Education and Culture.
Related questions are whether the expectations were well founded and what other consequences the choice of LLC model for UAS s may hold. The research argument is that the cooperative form would have been a better alternative for UAS s than the LLC.
This paper identifies the LLC as the generic model for a legal person in modern society. These companies produce an increasing share of goods and services in the world. At the same time, more and more public services, which previously were directly provided by the state or municipal authorities, are now being produced by LLC s, whether publicly owned or private. In addition, even in organizations where the incorporation has not yet been carried out, methods developed for the management and control of companies are followed.
The final incorporation process of the UAS s was implemented so that the already existing UAS administrator companies or new specially formed LLC s were granted a permit for UAS activities. Monitoring this transformation process gave an opportunity to acquire a deeper insight into the arguments made for the use of LLC s for non-profit purposes, the kinds of legal, economic and other expectations related to this, the benefits and risks involved, and the ways in which these factors have been discussed at various stages.
The main theoretical basis for the study is systems theory and, in particular, its further developments by Niklas Luhmann. Luhmann sees society in terms of systems that have historically differentiated to manage their own specific function. These function systems include at least the economy, science, politics, religion, and education, each with their own codes. It is the differentiation that explains the performance and the continuously growing complexity of modern society. From the systems theoretical standpoint this study engages with issues relating to Law and Economics and the NPM, or New Public Management.
There is also a short historical overview of the development of LLS s and cooperatives, as wells as characterizations of both legal person forms. The methods used in the research include document analysis of the law drafting materials and expert interviews. As an interventional method, a written opinion was sent to the Parliament s Education and Culture Committee at the time it was considering the Government's proposal for the new UAS law.
The expectations for LLCs were clarified through analysis of the different source materials. The spectrum of expectations turned out to be wide. The presence of the economic code was notable. The study presents justifications for the argument that based on these expectations the cooperative form would have been a better solution for the UAS s than the LLC form. In addition, a model is proposed in which the UAS community members, students, teachers and other personnel, are also members of a cooperative UAS. Educational and economic justifications, in particular, are presented for this model.Yhtiöstä opettaja? Systeemiteoreettinen tulkinta ammattikorkeakoulujen yhtiöittämisestä
Oikeustieteellisessä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan keskeisiä taloudellisen toiminnan organisoitumismuotoja, ennen kaikkea osakeyhtiötä ja osuuskuntaa. Kohteena ovat osakeyhtiömuodon käyttöön kohdistuvat odotukset tilanteissa, joissa toiminnan ensisijainen tarkoitus ei ole voiton tuottaminen omistajille. Tutkimuksessa haetaan vastausta kysymykseen, mitä oikeudellisia ja muita odotuksia osakeyhtiömalliin kohdistettiin, kun se valittiin opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön toimialaan kuuluvien ammattikorkeakoulujen ainoaksi organisoitumismalliksi. Vaihtoehtoiseksi, ammattikorkeakouluille osakeyhtiötä paremmin sopivaksi ratkaisuksi esitetään osuuskuntaa.
Yhä useampi aikaisemmin valtion tai kunnan suoraan tarjoaman hyödykkeen, mm. julkisten palvelujen, tuottaminen siirretään osakeyhtiölle niin julkisessa omistuksessa oleville kuin yksityisillekin. Lisäksi siellä, missä yhtiöittämistä ei vielä ole toteutettu, noudatetaan osakeyhtiöiden johtamiseen ja ohjaamiseen kehitettyjä menetelmiä.
Keskeisenä teoriaperustana työssä on systeemiteoria ja erityisesti Niklas Luhmannin sen pohjalta tekemät jatkokehittelyt. Luhmann näkee yhteiskunnan systeemeinä, jotka ovat historiallisesti eriytyneet hoitamaan omia nimenomaisia funktioitaan. Näitä funktiojärjestelmiä ovat ainakin oikeus, talous, tiede, politiikka, uskonto ja kasvatus, jokainen omine koodeineen. Mukana on osakeyhtiöitä ja osuuskuntien kehitystä koskevat lyhyet historialliset. Metodeina on käytetty muun muassa dokumenttianalyysiä ja asiantuntijahaastatteluja. Osa tutkimusta oli myös kirjallisen näkemyksen lähettäminen eduskunnan sivistysvaliokunnalle silloin, kun tämä käsitteli hallituksen esitystä uudeksi ammattikorkeakoululaiksi.
Osakeyhtiöittämiseen kohdistettujen odotusten kirjo osoittautui laajaksi. Odotuksissa painottui talouden koodisto. Työssä esitetään perustelut sille, että osuuskuntamuoto olisi ollut ammattikorkeakouluille osakeyhtiötä parempi ratkaisu. Tämän lisäksi rakennetaan mallia, jossa korkeakouluyhteisön jäsenet eli opiskelijat, opettajat ja muu henkilökunta, olisivat osuuskunta-ammattikorkeakoulun jäseniä.ei saavutettav
Poliisin yhteiskuntavastuu - pohdiskelua organisaatiotutkimuksen ja Matti Yrjänä Joensuun romaanien pohjalta
No full textThe article describes the societalresponsibility of the police administration fromtwo viewpoints: how it is present inadministrative science and administrativeculture of the police and what kind of picturecan be found in the Finnish detective novelswritten by Matti Yrjänä Joensuu. The focus ofthe article is to make administrative scientificand literal viewpoints to discuss with eachothers. The article is created by tworesearchers. Markku Temmes aims to useadministrative science which emphasizes therole of the police as a basic organisation inthe society and in the politico-administrativesystem. The second author of the articleVoitto Ruohonen has in this article and in hisdissertation tackled the societal picture of thenovels by Matti Yrjänä Joensuu from viewpointof literature and sociological research
CHESS Online 1:2008
No full textStakeslaisia kirjoittajia Markku Pekurinen, Hennamari Mikkola, Ulla Tuominen, Kirsi Vitikainen, Miika Linna, Jan Klavus, Lien Nguyen, Anja Noro, Matti Mäkelä, Satu Kapiainenei tietoa saavutettavuudesta
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Benchmarking and the bottom line
No full textMatti Siemiatycki presents the case for expanding and formalising performance benchmarking processes to address the persistent problems of escalating costs and missed deadlines in infrastructure and public works projects Copyright (c) 2009 The Author. Journal compilation (c) 2009 ippr.
Proceedings of the Second Nordic Workshop on Genetic Algorithms and their Applications (2NWGA)
No full textKirjoittajat: Alander Jarmo T., Duponcheele Georges,
Honkela Timo, Höhfeld Markus, Jakobsson Matti, Julstrom Bryant A., Karttunen Hannu, Keskinen Kari I., Kok Joost N., Lahdelma Risto, Linna Matti,
Lund Henrik Hautop, Myllymäki Petri, Reeves Colin,
Rowe Jon, Saarinen Jukka, Sandqvist Sam,
Sippl Manfred, Voigt Hans-Michaelfi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed|ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
A modern learning environment for Control Engineering
No full textAbstractTeaching in the university has been under pressure to change in recent years. On the one hand, there is financial pressure to decrease resources on the other, there is a need to keep quality and quantity of education offered high and to give due consideration to changes in technology and learning methods. One response to these pressures has been to study if it is possible to build a learning environment for Control Engineering that is available to students virtually. It could help to distribute materials and facilitate overall communication, from course information through student feedback. It could also make studying more efficient by enabling better follow-up of learning and use of interactive functions. The development of a Web-based learning environment for Control Engineering started from a simple model of learning theories and course content. This model was applied to that context, and an open learning environment was developed and implemented. The implementation is referred to as Control Web.Functions were added to Control Web and tuned according to student feedback. The probe method was utilised in the validation. Two courses were subjected to under full validation in order to carry out validation for the whole system. Student feedback, grades, and credits during the years 1993 to 2000 were analysed. According to the results, the system implemented has performed well. However, the explicit influence of using the Web-based learning environment can be seen in only few cases; there are too many variables in the overall learning situation. The results and experiences yield an enhanced model for developing a learning environment and a tool that indicates a need to change course parameters.Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Raahensali (Auditorium L10), Linnanmaa, on December 21st, 2002, at 2 p.m.Abstract
Teaching in the university has been under pressure to change in recent years. On the one hand, there is financial pressure to decrease resources on the other, there is a need to keep quality and quantity of education offered high and to give due consideration to changes in technology and learning methods.
One response to these pressures has been to study if it is possible to build a learning environment for Control Engineering that is available to students virtually. It could help to distribute materials and facilitate overall communication, from course information through student feedback. It could also make studying more efficient by enabling better follow-up of learning and use of interactive functions.
The development of a Web-based learning environment for Control Engineering started from a simple model of learning theories and course content. This model was applied to that context, and an open learning environment was developed and implemented. The implementation is referred to as Control Web.
Functions were added to Control Web and tuned according to student feedback. The probe method was utilised in the validation. Two courses were subjected to under full validation in order to carry out validation for the whole system. Student feedback, grades, and credits during the years 1993 to 2000 were analysed. According to the results, the system implemented has performed well. However, the explicit influence of using the Web-based learning environment can be seen in only few cases; there are too many variables in the overall learning situation. The results and experiences yield an enhanced model for developing a learning environment and a tool that indicates a need to change course parameters
Sudden Death Associated with Incarcerated Small Bowel due to Mesodiverticular Band
No full textMeckel’s diverticulum is a congenital anomaly present in about 3% of the population and usually asymptomatic. Rarely, a mesodiverticular band extends from the tip of a Meckel’s diverticulum to the mesentery, thought to be due to lack of involution of the left vitelline artery. The presence of this band creates a closed loop through which loops of bowel can become entrapped. Rare case reports have described incarceration of bowel, and sudden death in children. We present such a case, and discuss this entity.Peer reviewe
Matti Aikio - verk og virke
No full textDenne avhandlingen studerer de litterære verkene til den samiske forfatteren Matti Aikio, samt det nedslag hans verk hadde i samtidens Norge. Aikios romaner, artikler, skuespill og billedkunst ble skapt i tidsrommet 1904-29, en periode da Norge som ny selvstendig nasjonalstat hadde begrenset toleranse med sin samiske minoritet. En slik etnisk kultur-forståelse var i samsvar med samtidens rådende sosial-darwinisme, på overgangen fra kolonialisme til imperialisme. I slike omgivelser fremsto Matti Aikio som norsk forfatter med bøker skrevet på norsk – men med et selvvalgt samisk-lydende kunstnernavn. Det er avhandlingens mål å avdekke en mulig notsetningen mellom storsamfunnets forventning om assimilasjon og Aikios diskrete presentasjon av samiske verdier i sitt verk og virke. Det blir diskutert om nettopp valg av virkemidler førte til mistenkeliggjøring fra samtidens samiske talsmenn, men at ettertiden har vist at Aikios insistering på samarbeidslinje ville gi bedre langsiktige resultater for samisk språk og kultur. Samtidig søker analysen å underbygge at Aikio selv fikk en økt forståelse for den samiske kulturens mangfold i løpet av sin karriere – samtidig som taktikken endret seg i forfatterens langsiktige strategi om full likestilling for den samiske minoriteten. Fra å hevde at den ekte samiske kulturen bare fantes i Karasjok, endte han med en mer moderne og inkluderende forståelse av en samisk folkegruppe med et mangfold av språk og kulturuttrykk.This dissertation is a study of the literary works by the Sami author Matti Aikio, and of the impact his work had in Norway in his time. Aikio’s novels, articles, dramas and paintings were produced in the time period 1904−1929, a period when Norway as an independent nation state had limited tolerance for its Sami minority. Such an ethnic cultural understanding corresponded with the prevailing sentiment of social Darwinism of the time, in the transition from colonialism to imperialism. In this context Matti Aikio emerged as a Norwegian author with books written in Norwegian – but under a personally chosen, Sami sounding nom de plume. The objective of the dissertation is to disclose a possible contradiction between greater society’s expectations regarding assimilation and Aikio’s discreet presentation of Sami values in his literary works and professional activity. It has been discussed whether precisely the choice of tools at hand served to undermine his credibility with the Sami spokesmen of the time, but after the fact it has become evident that Aikio’s insistence on a collaborative line would have far better long-term results for the Sami language and culture. The analysis simultaneously seeks to substantiate that Aikio personally acquired a greater understanding of the diversity of the Sami culture in the course of his career – while simultaneously the tactics of the author’s long-term strategy for full equality for the Sami minority changed. From maintaining that the true Sami culture was found only in Karasjok, he ended up with a more modern and inclusive understanding of a Sami ethnic group with a multitude of languages and cultural expressions
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