1,721,058 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Hyperglycemia-induced thioredoxin reductase degradation accelerates ferroptotic cell death propagation in diabetic renal tubules
No full textDiabetes mellitus and its complications stands as arguably the most formidable pandemic of the 21st century. While rodent models of diabetes mellitus have been extensively explored, none have managed to faithfully replicate the full spectrum of pathological hallmarks and secondary complications witnessed in diabetic patients. Among the commonly affected organs is the kidney, manifesting in the form of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recently, our clinical understanding of incretins as critical regulators of disease progression in diabetic patients including DKD has undergone significant expansion.
In particular, the incretin hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) axis has taken central stage. A ground-breaking development in this realm was the creation of a GIP receptor dominant negative (GIPRdn) mouse, exhibiting all the characteristic features observed in DKD patients. This study sheds light on the heightened susceptibility of these mice to lethal acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Notably, isolated renal GIPRdn-tubules displayed accelerated cell death propagation and increased tubular necrosis. Expanding on previous cell culture experiments involving hyperglycemia, it became apparent that tubules of GIPRdn mice express elevated levels of the intracellular thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), previously reported to be responsible for the degradation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). This phenomenon is crucial in maintaining intracellular glucose homeostasis. The study further indicates an association between TXNIP and the downregulation of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), a selenoenzyme playing a pivotal role in protecting renal tubules from ferroptosis in a glutathione-independent manner. Intriguingly, the inhibition of TXNRD1 with the small molecule ferroptocide (FTC) in GIPRdn tubules resulted in severe tubular necrosis, a condition effectively reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin 1 (Fer-1). This nuanced exploration establishes a connection between DKD and a heightened sensitivity to kidney tubular ferroptosis, thereby presenting a potential avenue for intervention with ferrostatins. Importantly, the administration of a single dose of Fer-1 significantly prolonged the survival of GIPRdn mice following IRI. In conclusion, this study illuminates the intricate dynamics of DKD, highlighting a pronounced sensitization to kidney tubular ferroptosis. The findings suggest that ferrostatins, particularly exemplified by Fer-1, hold promise as potential therapeutic agents in mitigating the severity of this condition, offering hope for improved outcomes in individuals struggling with diabetes-related kidney complications.:Acknowledgments
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
List of abbreviations
List of tables
List of Figures
1. Introduction
1.1. Diabetes mellitus
1.1.1. Definition and description
1.1.2. Epidemiology
1.1.3. Classification of diabetes mellitus
1.1.4. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
1.1.5. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
1.1.6. Long-term complications of T2DM
1.1.6.1. Diabetic Nephropathy
1.1.6.2. Therapies for diabetic nephropathy
1.1.7. Animal models for diabetic kidney disease
1.1.7.1. Diabetic eNOS knockout mouse
1.1.7.2. Bradykinin B2 Receptor (B2R) deficient Ins2Akita/+ mouse
1.1.7.3. Decorin-deficient streptozotocin diabetic mouse
1.1.7.4. NONcNZO mouse
1.1.7.5. OVE26 mouse
1.1.7.6. Black and tan, brachyuric (BTBR) ob/ob mouse
1.1.8. Incretin hormones and GIPRdn diabetic mouse model
1.1.8.1. Generation of GIPRdn diabetic mouse model
1.2. Regulated cell death
1.3. Ferroptosis
1.3.1 Mechanism of ferroptosis
1.3.1.1 Sensitization to ferroptosis by ether phospholipids
1.3.1.2 Hydropersulfides and ferroptosis
1.3.2 Ferroptosis inducers (FINs) and inhibitors
1.3.3 Ferroptosis in the kidney
1.4 Aims
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Experimental models: cell lines and mouse strains
2.2.1. Cell culture conditions
2.2.2. Mice
2.2.2.1. Genotyping
2.2.2.1.1. DNA isolation
2.2.2.1.2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
2.2.2.1.3. Gel electrophoresis
2.2.2.2. Body weight
2.2.2.3. Blood glucose
2.2.2.4. Blood collection and serum parameters
2.2.3. Isolation of primary murine renal tubules
2.2.4. Generation of a 3D-printed double chamber
2.3. Experimental procedures
2.3.1. Plating and treatment of cells
2.3.2. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)
2.3.3. Western Blotting (WB)
2.3.4. Induction of cell death on isolated murine tubules
2.3.5. LDH release assay
2.3.6. Evaluation of speed of cell death propagation (exponential plateau – growth equation)
2.3.7. Time lapse imaging and processing of the time lapse data
2.3.8. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM)
2.3.8.1. Time domain data analysis
2.3.8.2. FLIM time lapse video generation
2.3.9. Thioredoxin Reductase Activity assay
2.3.10. Bilateral kidney Ischemia and Reperfusion injury (IRI)
2.3.11. Immunohistology and semi-quantitative scoring
2.3.12. Measurements of sulfur-containing metabolites by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS)
2.4. Statistical analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of diabetic kidney disease in GIPRdn mice
3.1.1. Blood glucose
viii
3.1.2. Body weight
3.1.3. Serum parameters
3.1.4. Histological analysis of the kidneys
3.2. The spontaneous death of GIPRdn tubules is characterized by a non-random
pattern of necrotic cell death
3.3. GIPRdn tubules are more prone to undergo spontaneous death compared to
WT tubules
3.4. Spontaneous necrosis of GIPRdn and WT tubules is partially mediated by
ferroptosis
3.5. GIPRdn tubules show downregulation of the PRX pathway compared to the
non-diabetic tubules
3.6. GIPRdn tubules show altered hydropersulfides pathway
3.7. GIPRdn tubules show altered etherglycerophospholipids (etherPLs) pathway.
3.8. Ferrostatin-1 but not Empagliflozin reverses ferroptosis induction in
different cell lines as well as in isolated kidney tubules
3.9. GIPRdn mice are more sensitive to IRI-induced acute kidney injury compared
to their WT littermates
3.10. Ferrostatin-1 ameliorates the sensitivity of GIPRdn to ischemia reperfusion
injury-induced acute kidney injury
4. Discussion
4.1. The GIPRdn mouse model
4.2 Ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy
4.2.1. Ferroptotic cell death is involved in the spontaneous death of diabetic tubules
4.2.2. Possible mechanisms behind the enhanced sensitivity of the GIPRdn kidney tubules to
ferroptosis
4.3. Therapeutic consequences of the study
4.3.1. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin does not have a protective effect on diabetic tubules
undergoing spontaneous death
4.4. Outlook and limitations of the study
Reference
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
