5 research outputs found
Bridging Gaps, Reforming Fisheries
No full textScientific debates often revolve around the issues of ‘unbiased science’ with the majority of scientists keeping themselves at arm’s length from policy-making to ensure their credibility. Participatory research has been shifting these dynamics and has led to the emergence of research practices and advice frameworks that allow co-creation of common knowledge bases for management. This chapter, following the description of 14 cases of participatory research, places these cases alongside each other, compares and examines them as pieces in a larger puzzle to let us identify emergent patterns. In doing that, we draw on the analytical basis developed in Chap. 2. To understand what goes on in the transition zone between top-down management and participatory governance, we focus on (i) participation, (ii) knowledge inclusion and (iii) institutional reform. What we are seeing is that the case studies, instead of becoming arenas for negotiating knowledge gaps and removing false preconceptions, worked much more pragmatically, allowing fishermen access to the resources of science. With the ongoing institutional reform, emphasizing stakeholder participation and the need for broader sharing of responsibility for management processes, fisheries governance is changing. We explore this change process through the concept of the ‘scientific fisherman’ introduced in Chap. 2, a character who is actively involved in management decision-making and a competent and acknowledged participant in the processes of mobilizing knowledge for management purposes
The Prague Legends in the Poems of Sebestian Hnevkovsky
No full textThe gripping stories of the old-Prague legends inhabited by supernatural beings and bringing moral advice, gave to the balladic poems of Sebestian Hnevkovsky, the autor of the Enlightment period, a suitable base for the travestying interpretations satirically focused on the contemporary society.\nThe tales of the princess Drahomira or of the ”devil´s“ obelisk at Vyšehrad, composed by Hnevkovsky in the early 19th century (i. e. in the epoch of the Puchmajer´s anthologies) were focused on the ordinary city people. The content reminding of the well-known stories and the simple way of narration enabled the author to fulfil his intention: to address a wide audience of readers and to amuse them. In his later works from the 1840s Hnevkovsky inclined namely to the genre of historical legend and to the romantic aspects of the Prague legends. However, even in this later poems (Šemík or Podvyšehradská hlubina) he didn´t give up the methods and motives characteristic for the haunted tales from the early 19th century that attracted attention of readers
The 'Loyal' Strategy in Sebestian Hnevkovsky's Epic Devin
No full textThis study focuses on the ideological and social background of Hnevkovsky's epic Devin (1805, 1829), insight into which is provided by Hnevkovsky's original manuscript and his correspondence, as well as by contemporary events in society like the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, and the revolutionary events in Europe during the first decade of the 19th century. In interpreting the different versions of the epic, the author of this study focuses on the subjects of women's emancipation and rights and freedoms, which were important for modelling the role of the ideal ruler and the functions of parliamentary disputation, and also for a notion of the 'golden age' of the Czech lands. Through an analysis of these themes, the author establishes how the narrator appraises collective national identity, defined as the loyal stance of a subject or group to the homeland, the nation, a ruler, or a more widely defined social order, as well as their own personal values (the emotion of love, personal goals of fame)
Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars (216 compared with 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was 195 for low FiO2 leading to a −15 to −1164 compared with 93 (95% CI: −65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this. © 2023 The Author
Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study
No full textBackground Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged >= 18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients' preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARR(adj)). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials. gov, number NCT01865513.Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22 803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7.6%] of 21 694); ORadj 1.86, 95% CI 1.53-2.26; ARR(adj) -4.4%, 95% CI -5.5 to -3.2). Only 2.3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1.31, 95% CI 1.15-1.49; ARR(adj) -2.6%, 95% CI -3.9 to -1.4) and the administration of reversal agents (1.23, 1.07-1.41; -1.9%, -3.2 to -0.7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1.03, 95% CI 0.85-1 center dot 25; ARR(adj) -0.3%, 95% CI -2.4 to 1.5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0.9 or more (1.03, 0.82-1.31; -0.4%, -3.5 to 2.2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes.Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications
